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Chapter 6: Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Stems
        
        transport nutrients and act as the support for the plant so it can remain upright. Also produce leaves and hold them up to the sunlight. During winter they store sugar and other nutrients.
      - Roots
        
        Mutations enhanced the root's ability to absorb carbon dioxide and carry out photosynthesis. Some plants have no roots due to them being useless because of continuous dry soil.
      - Leaves
        
        Mutations have allowed for less water loss
  - - - Basal angiosperms- a type of angiosperm. Includes waterlilies, magnolias, and laurels.
      - Eudicots- an early diversification of angiosperms. Includes broadleaf plants such as roses, asters, and maples.
      - Monocots- Another early diversification of angio. Includes grasses, lilies, and cattails.
- - - - Types of conducting cells within tracheids and vessel elements, both are types of sclerenchyma. The term tracheary element refers to either type of cell.
        
        Types of thickenings
        
        In the simplest type of tracheary element, What amount of second I was present, organized as a set of rings annular thickenings. This arrangement provides a large surface area for more movement in and out of cell does not provide much strength so the primary wall must be supported
        
        helical- The wall exists as one of three helices Interior to the primary wall
        
        Scalariform- It's much more strength because the secondary well underlies mostly inner surface of the primary wall and is fairly extensive.
        
        Reticulate- The secondary wall is deposited in the shape of a net, as the name suggests
        
        The most derived and strongest elements are those with circular bordered pits. Elements virtually all of the primary walls underlain by secondary wall. The pits that allow water movement are weak points in the wall but the weakness is reduced by the border of extra wall material around the pit
    - - Sieve cells- the cell is elongate in spindle-shaped and has sieve areas distributed all over the surface. Associated with albuminous cells
      - sieve tube members- sieve Areas on the two ends of the cell or especially large and have very wide sieve pores. Controlled by companion cells. A sieve tube is formed when Stacked and end with their large sieve areas aligned. These end-wall sieve areas with large sieve pores are sieve plates