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Drugs of Abuse( Pharmacology) - Coggle Diagram
Drugs of Abuse( Pharmacology)
1.Opioid antagonists
Naloxone
Effects
Reverse or block effects of opioids
Clinical uses
Opioid overdose
Mechanism of Action
Antagonists of opioid receptors
Pharmacokinetics
Short half-life (1–2 h)
Naltrexone
Mechanism of Action
-
Effects
-
Clinical uses
Treatment of alcoholism
Pharmacokinetics
Half-life like morphine (4 h)
2.Synthetic opioid
Clinical uses
Substitution therapy for opioid addicts
Pharmacokinetics
Variable half-life Toxicity: Like morphine re acute and chronic effects including withdrawal
Effects
Acute effects like morphine
Mechanism of Action
Slow-acting agonist at
µ opioid receptors
Drug
Methadone
3.Partial µ-receptor agonist
Effects
Attenuates acute effects of
morphine and other strong opioids
Clinical uses
Substitution therapy for opioid addicts
Mechanism of Action
Partial agonist at µ opioid receptors
Pharmacokinetics
Long half-life (>40 h)
Drug
Buprenorphine
5.Benzodiazepines
Effects
Enhance GABA functions in CNS
Clinical uses
Attenuate withdrawal symptoms including seizures from alcohol and other sedative-hypnotics
Mechanism of Action
Modulators of GABA A receptors
Pharmacokinetics
Half-life 4–15 h; lorazepam
kinetics not affected by liver dysfunction
Drug
Oxazepam
Lorazepam
6.NMDA receptor antagonist
Effects
May block synaptic plasticity
Clinical uses
Treatment of alcoholism
(in combination with counseling)
Mechanism of Action
Antagonist at glutamate NMDA receptors
Pharmacokinetics
Allergies, arrhythmias, variable
BP effects, headaches, and impotence
Hallucination in elderly
Drug
Acamprosate
7.Cannabinoid receptor agonist
Effects
Decrease GABA and
glutamate release in CNS
Clinical uses
treatment of obesity - off label use for smoking cessation
Mechanism of Action
Inverse agonist at
CB1 receptors
Pharmacokinetics
Major depression :arrow_up:Suicide Risk
Drug
Rimonabant
4.N-receptor partial agonist
Effects
Blocks rewarding effects of nicotine
Clinical uses
Smoking cessation
Mechanism of Action
Agonist at ACh-N receptor subtype
Pharmacokinetics
Nausea and vomiting, psychiatric changes, seizures in high dose
Drug
Varenicline