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Semiconductors - Coggle Diagram

- - - - graph
        
        T low
        
        T increases
        
        T high
  - - - T=0K
      - T low
      - T>293K
      - T high
- - - - T = 0K
        
        all electrons are strongly bonded in covalent bond
        
        no carriers available
        
        no conduction
        
        makes it a good insulator
        
        all atoms (especially valence electrons) are tightly bounded to one another and are difficult to dislodge to allow current flow
      - T > 0K
        
        T increases, n increases, σ increases
        
        thermal fluctuation causes e to be freed
        
        as some of e in VB receive enough thermal E
        
        thus excite the VB of e across the band gap to CB
        
        hence ;
        :check: leaving holes :check: creating EHP
        
        Total Conductivity
        
        σtot = σn + σ p = n q μn + p q μp
        n : no of e in CB
        p : no of e in VB
        μn : electron mobility
        μp : hole mobility
        μn > μp
        n = p = ni = [√(Nc Nv)] e ^ [-(Ec -Ev) / (2 k T)]
        Nc : carrier concentration in CB