Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Chapter 6 Mind Map, Angiosperms, Collenchyma Cells, Stolon, Trichromes,…

- - - - exchange of material with environment
      - prevention of water loss
      - barrier against invasion by bacteria, fungi, and small insects
      - shield for internal cells
      - prevents overheating
    - - encrusts outer tangential walls
      - fatty substance
      - makes wall impermeable to water
      - builds up to form a cuticle
    - - formed from two guard cells and a stomatal pore
      - can be opened during the daytime to permit the entrance of CO2 into the plant
      - guard cells open when they have water, and close when they have lost too much water
    - - outward facing elongated epidermal cells
      - also called hairs
      - make it hard for animals to
        
        land on
        
        walk on
        
        chew
      - can block some incoming sunlight
  - - - xylem - conducts water and minerals
      - phloem - distributes sugars and minerals
  - - - tracheids
      - vessel elements
      - both can be referenced with the term "tracheary elements"
    - - is formed from a dead cell with a secondary wall
      - simplest type has annular thickenings
    - - helical thickening - secondary wall has DNA-like helix
      - scalariform thickening - secondary wall has horizontal bars - very strong
      - reticulate thickening - secondary wall is deposited in shape of net
      - circular bordered pits
        
        virtually all of the primary wall is reinforced
        
        strongest tracheary element
  - - - sieve cells
      - sieve tube members
      - both can be referenced with the term "sieve element"
    - - parenchyma cells
      - have only primary walls
      - must remain alive in order to conduct
- - - - leaves
      - stem
      - roots
  - - - basal angiosperms - waterlilies, magnolias, laurels
      - eudicots - broadleaf plants such as roses and maples
      - monocots - grasses, lilies, cattails, philodendrons, etc
  - - - primary plant body - herbaceous body
      - secondary plant body - woody body
- - - - chlorenchyma cells - photosynthesis
      - glandular cells - secrete nectar, fragrances, mucilage, resins, and oils
      - transfer cells - mediate short distance transport of material
      - phloem - conducts nutrients over long distances
  - - - conducting sclerenchyma
      - mechanical sclerenchyma
    - - subdivided into long fibers and short sclereids
      - both have elastic secondary walls
    - - short and typically cuboidal
      - acts brittle and inflexible
    - - transports water
      - one of the types of vascular cells
- - - - alternate phyllotaxy - only one leaf is present at each node
      - opposite phyllotaxy - two leaves at each node
      - whorled phyllotaxy - three or more leaves at each node
      - distichous phyllotaxy - leaves only have two rows (corn)
      - spiral phyllotaxy
        
        packed tightly together
        
        leaf located slightly upward and to the side of the previous leaf
        
        most common arrangement
        
        may used alternative, opposite, or whorled phyllotaxy