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Chapter 9: Structure of Woody Plants, image - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 9: Structure of Woody Plants
Concepts
Primary Tissues: primary plant body
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Secondary Tissue: Plant's secondary body
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Bark: conducting tissues
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Vascular Cambrium
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Vascular Cambrium: (cambia) meristems that produce secondary plant body
Fascicular cambrium: fascicle, continue to divide and not mature
interfascicular Cambrium: parenchyma cells btwn vascular bundles come out of a cell cycle arrest and resume mitosis
Fusiform Initials & Ray initials: meristem
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Fusiform Initials
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Percilinal wall: wall parallel to the circumference of the cambium
anticlinal Walls: vascular cambium cells that divide longitudinally
Ray Intitials
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Arrangement of Cambial Cells
Stored Cambium: fusiform initials may occur in regular horizontal rows
Nonstoried cambium: fusiform occur irregular w/o horizontal patterns
Secondary Xylem
Types of Wood Cells
Secondary Xylem/ Wood: interior of the vascular cambium
Axial System: derived from the fusiform initials
redial system: Develops from ray initials
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Hardwoods: wood of all basal angiosperms and edicts, lack fibers or are very soft. Balsa
Softwoods: woods from conifers (pines & redwoods) have few-no fibers. softer consistency
Upright Cells & Procumbent cells: ray parenchyma cells
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Ray Tracheids: horizontal, rectangular cells that look like parenchyma cells w/ secondary cell walls, circular bordered pits, & protoplasts
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Rays: in angiosperms, contains only parenchyma, arranged as univariate, biseriate, or multivariate masses
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Growth Rings
Early Wood: first wood formed
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Late Wood: summer wood with less vessels
Annual Ring: early wood & late wood tgthr for 1 yr
Growth Ring: if tree doesn't produce a summer ring
Diffuse porous: vessels throughout growth ring
Ring porous: species with cessels restricted mainly to early wood
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Heartwood & Sapwood:
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Heartwood: usually darker and drier center of log
Sapwood: lighter an moister outer region of log
Tylosis (tyloses): wood parenchyma cells adjacent to vessels push bubbles of protoplasm through pits intro the vessel forming a plug
Reaction Wood: response to stems and gravity to keep branches straight.
Secondary Phloem
formed from the vascular cambium, has axial and radial system
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Outer Bark
Cork & cambium
Cork Cambium/Phellogen: secondary phloem resulting in new cambium
Cork Cell/ Phellem Cell: after a division, the outer cell.
Phelloderm: cork cambium cann produce a cell or two to the inside the mature into a layer of parenchyma
Periderm: Cork cambium, layers of cork cells, and phelloderm
Outer bark: all tissues outside the innermost cork cambium
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Inner Bark: all 2ndary phloem btwn vascular cambium & innermost cork cambium
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Lenticels & Oxygen Diffusion
Lenticels: regions of aerenchymatous cork
Initiation of Cork Cambia
Secondary Growth in Roots
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Anomalous Forms of Growth
Anomalous Secondary Growth: alternative cambia produce secondary bodies that differ from the common type
Roots of Sweet Potatoes
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Included Phloem: secondary phloem located between two bands of xylem
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Unequal Activity of the Vascular Cambium
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Secondary Growth in Monocots
Secondary vascular bundles: columns of some of the parenchyma cells undergo rapid division and produce narrow cells that differentiate containing xylem and phloem.
Unusual Primary Growth
Establishment growth: increase in width and addition of adventitious roots in palms
