Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Nicola Ricci period 6 anatomy Immune and lymphatic systems - Coggle Diagram

- - - - such as the highly acidic and caustic environment provided by gastric juice, or lysozyme in tears, kill many pathogens
    - - a type of lymphocyte that defends the body against various viruses and cancer cells
    - - it uses unbroken skin, and the mucous membranes of the body to create mechanical (physical) barriers that prevent the entry of certain pathogens.
    - - a tissue’s response to a pathogen, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain
    - - a species is resistant to diseases that affect other species
    - - the most active phagocytes are neutrophils and monocytes, these leave the bloodstream at areas of injuries
- - - - chemical barriers
        
        such as the highly acidic and caustic environment provided by gastric juice, or lysozyme in tears, kill many pathogens
      - natural killer cells
        
        a type of lymphocyte that defends the body against various viruses and cancer cells
      - mechanical barriers
        
        it uses unbroken skin, and the mucous membranes of the body to create mechanical (physical) barriers that prevent the entry of certain pathogens.
      - inflammation
        
        a tissue’s response to a pathogen, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain
      - species resistance
        
        a species is resistant to diseases that affect other species
      - phagocytosis
        
        the most active phagocytes are neutrophils and monocytes, these leave the bloodstream at areas of injuries
    - - the response mounted by the body against specific recognized foreign molecules
  - - - carry away excess fluid
        
        lacteals transport fat to the circulatory system
    - - thymus
        
        secretes a hormone called thymosins which regulate t-lymphocyte production
      - lymph nodes
        
        the cells within the lymph nodes filter the waste particles in the lymph
      - spleen
        
        filters blood and removes damaged cells and bacteria
- - - - Compact masses of lymphatic tissue
      - Tonsils
      - Appendix
  - - - contains
        
        lymphocytes
        
        macrophages
      - located along lymphatic vessels
    - - located behind the sternum and above the heart
      - surrounded by a connective tissue capsule that divides it into lobules
    - - located in the upper left abdominal cavity
      - contains blood instead of lymph
        
        white pulp contains many lymphocytes
        
        red pulp contains red blood cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes
- - - - in order for the T cell to be activated it must first encounter a macrophage displaying the antigen on its MHC
        
        Activated T cells interact directly with antigen-bearing cells this is called cellular immune response
  - - - when CD4 encounters a B cell that has encountered an antigen the CD4 releases cytokines so the B cell can divide and make clones.
        
        Some of the B cells become plasma cells, creating antibodies, like T cells
- - - - can all trigger an immune response
  - - - IgG
        
        Most abundant antibody in primary and secondary immune response
      - IgA
        
        prevents attachment of pathogens to epithelial cells
      - IgM
        
        first class of antibodies realeased by B cells during primary response
      - IgD
        
        cell surface receptor of the mature B cell
      - IgE
        
        when bound to antigens, it binds to mast cells and basophils to release histamine
- - - - T lymphocytes
    - - B lymphocytes
- - - - elephantiasis