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Acute renal failure - Coggle Diagram
Acute renal failure
causes of splenic injury and internal bleeding
Blunt trauma
Motor vehicle accidents
Sports injuries
Physical assault (knife)
Diseases (Infectious mononucleosis)
Blood (hematological) diseases
Malaria
and results in
causes of acute renal failure
result in
UTI
medications
direct kidney damage
heart failure
serious burns and dehydration
blood or fluid loss
absorption and secretion of electrolytes
kidney function might get affected
K+
Ca+2
Cl-
Na+
Mg +2
complications of splenectomy
lung collapse
thus the need of
pancreatitis
hernia
infection
injury to the surrounding organs
anatomy of the urinary tract
kidney
structures determines what functions take place
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra
road trauma
road injury is one of the most causes of death worldwide
90% males who do the accidents
2 people dies everyday on UAE roads
98% of passengers in car crashes were not wearing seatbelts
the need of
managements after splenectomy
due to the hemorrhage and decreased BP there will be pre- renal azotemia
usual acute post - operative care
monitoring complications
immunization
prophylactic antibiotics
signs and symptoms of acute renal failure
might lead to
diuretic phase
recovery phase
oliguric phase
each phase leads to specific signs and symptoms
investigations of kidney failure
treatment diuretics and / or
blood test
urine test
signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock and ruptured spleen
ruptured spleen
Kehr's sign: referred pain in the left shoulder
Ballance's sign: dullness on percussion in the LUQ
Haemorrhagic shock (often delayed): tachycardia and hypotension
Diffuse abdominal pain, especially in the left upper quadrant (LUQ), possible abdominal guarding
hypovolemic shock
Weak pulse, tachycardia, tachypnea
Hypotension
Cold, clammy extremities, slow capillary refill (clammy hands = wet or sweaty skin)
Decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes
Nondistended jugular veins
Findings related to the underlying disease: e.g., bleeding, melena, hematemesis, diarrhoea
thus the need of
pathophysiology of kidney failure
need of
tubular necrosis secondary to ischemia and activation of RAAs leading to constriction
causes of chronic kidney failure
result in
.
Type 1 or type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure
Glomerulonephritis
Interstitial nephritis
Polycystic kidney disease.
Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract, from conditions such as enlarged prostate, kidney stones and some cancers.
Vesicoureteral reflux, a condition that causes urine to back up into your kidneys.
Recurrent kidney infection, also called pyelonephritis.
signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure
happens due to
.
Nausea
Vomiting
Loss of appetite and weight loss
Fatigue and weakness
Sleep problems (insomnia)
Changes in how much you urinate (increase the need to urinate)
Decreased mental sharpness
Muscle twitches and cramps
Swelling of feet and ankles as a result of water retention
Persistent itching
Chest pain, if fluid builds up around the lining of the heart
Shortness of breath, if fluid builds up in the lungs
Hypertension that is difficult to control
Others
managements of someone come with accident
road trauma might lead to
Dialysis
kidney transplant
splenectomy
which might result in