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Organizational Psychology, Human behavior obeys certain causes that are…
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Human behavior obeys certain causes that are related to the needs of a person and / or the consequences that result from their actions. The task of an administrator is to identify the impulses and needs of the employees, that is, to have a minimum of knowledge of human motivation. Motivation is the impulse that leads a person to perform a certain action or that predisposes him to perform it in a near future
1.2. Maslow: Pyramid of Needs The theories of motivation based on needs are based on the principle that the motives of human behavior reside in the individual himself: his motivation to act and behave is derived from forces that exist within him ... these are physiological needs (primary) until reaching the highest or abstract level of human needs such as the needs for self-esteem and self-realization.
1.3. Skinner: Stimulus-Response Modification of organizational behavior or C.O. It is the application in organizations of the principle of behavior modification that was developed from the works of Skinner.
Some of the general concepts Some of the general concepts • Alternative Consequences, • Negative Reinforcement, • Punishment, • Learning by Shaping, extinction, • Reinforcement Programs
1.4. Freud: Psychoanalysis Freud is considered by many to be one of the greatest precursors of modern psychology. His psychoanalytic model makes up a complete body of theories, practices, and therapies. But in reality its application is more oriented to the clinical treatment of people, that is, to cases that require more “in-depth” psychological care.
2.2. McGregor: Theory X and Theory Ya. Theory X or the traditional style of administration: It is based on certain erroneous and distorted conceptions about human nature, which prevailed during the decades of the 19th century and much of the 20th century
2.3. Ouchi: Theory Z William Ouchi carefully studied the management style in Japan and named it Theory Z, paraphrasing McGregor's name for leadership styles X and Y.
Ouchi concluded that this management style encourages workers to be interested in their company and therefore increases productivity.
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2.4. May: Circadian Cycle Years earlier, from 1924 to 1927, the National Research Council conducted a study with this company trying to determine the effect of lighting and other working conditions on employees and productivity.
3.1. Direction StylesA social system of organizational behavior is made up of business philosophy, objectives and goals, management and leadership styles, types of formal and informal organization, organizational environment and culture.• Autocratic Model:• Paternalistic or Custodial Model• Support Model:• Collegiate Model:
3.2. Delegation of Authority Decentralization and delegation are connected terms. Decentralization in the tendency to distribute or disperse authority, especially with regard to decision-making in an organizational structure. This is an essential aspect of delegation as the non-delegated authority will be centralized.
3.3. Shared Responsibility One of the ways to motivate and delegate authority is teamwork where responsibility is shared. One of the best examples of shared responsibility are work teams within the Japanese management style or Theory Z discussed above. Work is interdependent between people, teamwork is carried out and a state of cooperation and participation must be developed.
3.4. The Phenomenon of Changes The change in work is any alteration that occurs in the work environment. The entire business is affected if any part of it is changed. Change is a complex problem that involves a human and technical problem since it affects people psychologically, socially and behaviorally.
4.1. Mary Parker and Humanism: Humanism, in general, is a philosophical-theoretical current that highlights the belief in the capacity of each human being and at the same time the responsibility of their actions, in addition to considering the sociocultural factor as a great influential in the formation of personality and human behavior.
4.3. Ethics and Business Morals We will define ethics as the philosophical discipline that is related to good and bad, with moral duties or obligations. Thus we could mention for example: personal ethics that is nothing more than the set of rules that a person follows to live his life; Business ethics involves the rules or concepts of truth and justice that have to do with the effects that their actions produce on society, fair and fair competition, social responsibilities, respect for the consumer, etc.
4.4.
Organization Values
We can define values as a fairly permanent belief about what is appropriate and what is not, it is the set of beliefs that guide people's actions and behavior. Values form an ideology that infiltrates daily decisions Social beliefs and values influence the general behavior of people in companies