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Antipsychotic Agents& Lithium (Pharmacology) - Coggle Diagram
Antipsychotic Agents& Lithium
(Pharmacology)
Antipsychotics
2.Thioxanthene
Drug
Thiothixene
3.Butyrophenone
Effects
Some α block
Clinical uses
Schizophrenia ; bipolar disorder (manic phase), Huntington’s chorea, Tourette’s syndrome
Mechanism of Action
Block of D2 receptors >>5-HT2 receptors
Pharmacokinetics
Oral and parenteral form, Hepatic Metabolism
Drug
Haloperidol
Toxicities
Extrapyramidal dysfunction(major)
1.Phenothiazines
Effects
Block α, M, and H1 receptors
Clinical uses
Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder(Manic phase)
Mechanism of Action
Block of D2,receptors >>5-HT2 receptors
Pharmacokinetics
Oral and parenteral forms, hepatic metabolism , long half-life
Drugs
Chlorpromazine
Fluphenazine
Thioridazine
Toxicities
Extensions of α- and M receptor-blocking actions ,Extrapyramidal dysfunction, tardive dyskinesias,
hyperprolactinemia
4.Atypicals
Mechanism of Action
Block of 5-HT2 Block of 5-HT2
receptors >> D2
receptors
Effects
Some α block (clozapine, risperidone, ziprasidone) and M block (clozapine, olanzapine), variable H1 block
Clinical uses*
Schizophrenia (positive and negative): Bipolar disorder,Major Depressive,agitation in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
Pharmacokinetics
Oral and parenteral form, Hepatic Metabolism
Drugs
Aripiprazole
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Quetiapine
Risperidone
Ziprasidone
Toxicities
Agranulocytosis s (clozapine);DM,Weight gain (clozapine, olanzapine), hyperprolactinemia (Risperidone),QT Prolong (ziprasidone)
Bipolar drugs
1.Lithium
Clinical uses
Bipolar affective disorder: Prevenrt Mood swings (Prophylaxis)
Pharmacokinetics
Renal elimination half life 20 hr : Narrow Therapeutic window Monitor Blood levels
Effects
No specific actions on ANS receptors or specific CNS Receptors:No sedation
Toxicities
Tremor, edema, hypothyroidism, renal dysfunction Pregnancy Category D
Mechanism of Action
Uncertain, suppresses IP3 and DAG signaling
2.Alternative drugs for bipolar affective disorder
Effects
Ataxia and diplopia(carbamazepine),Nausea,Dizeness,and headache (Lamotrigine)Gastrointestinal Distress, Weight Grain,Alopesia(Valproic acid)
Mechanism of Action
Unclear actions in bipolar disorder
Clinical uses
Valproic acid competes with lithium as
first choice in bipolar disorder, acute phase
Pharmacokinetics
Carbamazepine forms active metabolite (phase I); lamotrigine and valproic acid form conjugates (phase II)
Drugs
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
Valproic acid
Toxicities
Hematotoxicity and
induction of drug metabolism,Rash, Hepatic dysfunction,Weight gain,Inhibition drug metabolism