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AIDS & Infectious Diseases - Coggle Diagram
AIDS & Infectious Diseases
General Transmission of Infections
The infectious agent must have a means of escape from the infected host (e.g. person, animal, nonanimal material)
The infectious agent must have a means of transmission (e.g. airborne, contact, vehicle route, vector-borne)
The infectious agent must have a means of entry into the body (e.g. respiratory/other body tracts or break in skin)
Infectious Diseases
Bacterial Meningitis
RISK
: ranges in effect from no permanent impairments to possible death within hours
ETIOLOGY
: Caused by bacteria (e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, type B)
CHARACTERISTICS
: stiff neck, fevers, sore throat, vomiting, seizures, headache, drowsiness, lethargy, visual impairments, or possible intellectual disabilities
INFECTION CONTROL:
Teachers should aim at decreasing the risk of respiratory transmission.
Covering mouth when students cough
Properly use and disposal of tissues
Proper hand washing
TRANSMISSION
: Through respiratory transmission
WHAT
: An infection that results in the inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
Encephalitis
WHAT
: An inflammation of the brain that may result as a primary manifestation of a viral or bacterial infection or as a complication of another infection.
RISK
: Children may recover completely, may survive with a variety of disabilities, or may die.
ETIOLOGY
: Caused by viruses (e.g. chicken pox, measles, mumps) or bacterial or fungal infections
CHARACTERISTICS
: Headache, neurologic signs, fever, and altered state of consciousness
INFECTION CONTROL:
Teachers should aim at decreasing the risk of respiratory transmission, the spread of enteroviruses, mosquito and tick bites, and herpes simplex viruses.
Using insect repellent and checking students for ticks/mosquito bites
Proper hand washing and sanitary conditions
Practicing proper airborne infection precautions (covering mouth when coughing, etc.)
Not allowing the sharing of food, drinks, utensils, or cups
Disinfecting utensils or plates outside of the classroom
Cleaning classroom items regulars (toys, mats, school supplies, environmental surfaces, and equipment)
TRANSMISSION
: Through respiratory transmission, sexual contact, or vector borne transmission
Hepatitis B
WHAT
: An inflammation of the liver.
RISK
: Those at risk are those who receive blood products, those receiving dialysis, drug users, health care workers, and individuals living in institutions. Symptoms usually resolve and few cases result in death.
ETIOLOGY
: Caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV)
CHARACTERISTICS
: minor flulike symptoms, fatal liver failures, fever, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, rash, dark urine, jaundice
INFECTION CONTROL
: Teachers should have proper infection control measures in place regarding contact with blood.
Proper hand washing
Wearing gloves when handling student's blood
Proper menstrual care and disposal of menstrual care items
Proper first aid care
Prevention of sharing food or drink items
Proper cleaning of utensils, equipment, and environmental surfaces
TRANSMISSION
: Through body secretions (most commonly blood) on environmental surfaces and transmission through individuals
HIV/AIDS
ETIOLOGY
: Caused by the HIV virus which attaches to CD4+ T cells and destroys them. AIDS is diagnosed when the HIV infection causes the CD4+ T cell count to drop to 200 cells per microliter of blood or below.
WHAT:
A Human Immunodeficiency Virus that cripples someone's immune system.
TRANSMISSION
: Through sexual activity, blood exposure, and vertical transmission
CHARACTERISTICS
CHARACTERISTICS of Category C (AIDS):
Bacterial infections, opportunistic infections (bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic), cancers, and neurological problems
CHARACTERISTICS of Category A and B HIV:
fever, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, oral thrush, episodes of shingles, weak immune system
RISK
: Can result in blindness, seizures, cancer, but death is common.
INFECTION CONTROL
: In a school setting, it would be very difficult to acquire this infection by the way it is transmitted.
Precautions used when cleaning up blood spills
Proper glove wearing when assisting with bleeding wounds
Prevention of infection transmission to a student with HIV/AIDS is of paramount importance
Implementation of infection control procedures
Educational Implications
Meeting Physical and Sensory Needs
Maintaining infection control procedures
Follow the positive nutritional program for students with HIV/AIDS
Incorporating proper adaptations to allow the student to best succeed
Meeting Communication Needs, Learning Needs, and Daily Living Needs
Appropriately informing students of their illness
Instructing students on proper infection control procedures and self-help skills
Close monitoring for the development of any cognitive problems
Identifying and implementing proper programming and services needed to meet the individual needs of the student
Meeting Behavioral and Social Needs
Becoming familiar with the psychosocial effects of diseases on children and their families
Understanding how to deal with student's exhibiting behavior problems, depression, anxiety, and impaired self-images
Encouraging students to receive proper emotional support
Discussing protective barriers to disease transmission with all students
