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Characteristics and classification of living organisms - Coggle Diagram
Characteristics and classification of living organisms
Characteristics of living organisms
Growth
growth as a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both
Reproduction
Reproduction is the process that makes more of the same kind of organism.
Sensitivity
sensitivity as the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses
Excretion
Removal from organism of the waste products of metabolism, toxic material, and substance in excess of requirements
Respiration
Respiration is the chemical reaction in cells that breaks down nutrient molecules and releases energy for metabolism
Nutrition
taking in materials for energy, growth and development.
Movement
Movement is an action by an organism, or part of an organism, that causes a change of position or place.
Binomial system
Genus then species
eg. Homo sapiens -> Homo = Genus, sapiens = species
classification of living things
Kingdom ->
Phylum ->
Class ->
Order ->
Family ->
Genus ->
Species
Prokaryote
Bacteria
Eukaryote
Protoctist
Animal
Verterbrate
Fish
Amphibian
Reptile
Bird
Mammal
Inverterbrate -> Arthropods
Insects
Crustaceans
Myriapods
Arachnids
Plant
Monocotyledons(have two cotyledons)
Dicotyledons(have one cotyledons)
Fungus
Ways of classifying
Morphology features(physical appearance)
Anatomy(what it is made of)-(most accurate method)
DNA base sequence
closely related species have similar base sequences
distantly related species have different base sequences.
Amino acid sequences proteins
the more distantly related two species are, the greater the number of differences in their amino acid sequences.
Cell
3 features every living cell has: Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, DNA
Organelle
Mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration, gives the cell energy. Cells with high energy demands will have lots of mitochondria
Permanent vacuole
Contain cell sap. Use for storage
Cytoplasm
Where most of the cell's reaction take place
Chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis, providing food for plants. Contain chlorophyll which absorbs the light energy
Cell membrane
Controls the movement of substance in and out of the cell
Cell wall
Gives the cell extra support and defines its shape
Nucleus
Controls the activity of the cell. Contains genetic information in chromosomes
Ribosome
Site of protein production in protein synthesis (making protein)
Viruses
do not have a cell membrane or cytoplasm
do not show any of the seven characteristics of living organisms.
are not made of cells