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TOPIC 2.1 (SUBTOPIC 2.1.4: CABLE USED IN ETHERNET ), image, image, image,…
TOPIC 2.1 (SUBTOPIC 2.1.4: CABLE USED IN ETHERNET )
CHARACTERISTIC OF COPPER CABLING
COPPER MEDIA
conducts electrical signals very well
has its limitation
data travels on copper cables as small pulses of electrical voltage
easily distorted by outside noise and signal attenuation
cable type with shielding or twisting of the pairs of wires
designed to minimize signal degradation
Copper Media Safety
The separation of data and electrical power cabling must comply with safety codes
Cables must be connected correctly
Installation must be inspected for damage
Equipment must be grounded correctly
Type of cable
Unshielded Twisted-Pair (
UTP
)
UTP
used in Ethernet LANs
eight wires twisted into four color-coded pairs
wound inside a cable jacket
colored pairs
identify the wires for proper connection at the terminals
UTP Cabling Standards
Category 3 Cable (UTP)
Category 5 and 5e Cable(UTP)
Category 6 Cable (UTP)
UTP Connectors
RJ-45 UTP Plugs
RJ-45 UTP Socket
Type of UTP Cable
Ethernet Straight-through
used both ends T568BA or both ends T568B
connects a networks hosts to a network device such as a switch or hub
Ethernet Crossover
used one end T568A, other end T568B
connects two network hosts and intermediary devices:
switch to switch
router to router
Rollover
used Cisco proprietary
connects a workstation serial port to a router console port, using an adapter
Testing UTP Cables
UTP Testing Parameters
Wire map
Cable length
Signal loss due to attenuation
Crosstalk
Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial Connectors
PROPERTIIES OF FIBER OPTIC CABLING
Jacket
Typically a PVC jacket that protects the fiber against abrasion, moisture and other contaminants
very depending on the cable usage
Core
the light transmission elements at the center of the optical fiber
silica or glass
Light pulses travel through the fiber core
Buffer
Used to helped shield the core and cladding from damage
Cladding
Made from slightly different chemicals than those used to create the core
act like a mirror by reflecting light back into the core of the fiber
keeps light in the core as it travels down the fiber
Strengthening Material
Surrounds the buffer
prevents the fiber cable from being stretched when it is being pulled
used is often the same material used to produce bulletproof vests
Type of Fiber Media
Single Mode
Small Core
Less dispersion
Suited for long distance applications
Uses lasers as the light source
used with campus backbones for distances of several thousand meters
Multimode
Larger core than single mode cable - Allow greater dispersion and loss of signal
Suited for long distance applications
Uses LEDs as the light source
Used with LANs or distance a couple hundred meters within a campus network
NETWORK FIBER CONNECTORS
(Common Fiber Patch Cords )
NETWORK FIBER CONNECTORS
(Fiber Optic Connectors )
FIBER VERSUS COPPER
Bandwidth supported
UTP Cabling
10 Mb/s-10 Gb/s
Fiber-optic Cabling
10 Mb/s - 100 Gb/s
Distance
UTP Cabling
Relatively short (1 - 100 meters )
Fiber-optic Cabling
Relatively (1 - 100,000 meters)
Immunity to EMI and RFI
UTP Cabling
Low
Fiber-optic Cabling
High (Completely immune)
Immunity to electrical hazards
UTP Cabling
Low
Fiber-optic Cabling
High (Completely immune)
Media and connector costs
UTP Cabling
Lowest
Fiber-optic Cabling
Highest
Installation skills required
UTP Cabling
Lowest
Fiber-optic cabling
Highest
Safety precautions
UTP Cabling
Lowest
Fiber-optic Cabling
Highest
Outer Jacket
Braided Copper Shielding
Plastic Insulation
Copper Conductor
Outer Jacket
Protects the copper wire from physical damage
Twisted-Pair
Protects the signals from interference
Color-Coded Plastic Insulation
electrically isolates wires from each other and identifies each pair
used for voice communication
Most often used for phone lines
used for data transmission
Cat5 supports 100 Mb/s and can support 1000 Mb/s but not recommended
Cat5e supports 1000 Mb/s
used for data transmission
an added separator is between each pair of wires allowing it to function at higher speeds
supports 1000 Mb/s- 10 Gb/s, though 10 Gb/s is not recommended
Jacket
Braided or Foil Shield
Foil
Shields
Twisted-Pair
BNC
N type
F type
Glass Core=9 microns
Glass Cladding 125 microns diameter
Polymeric coating
Glass Core=50/62.5 microns
Glass Cladding 125 microns diameter
Coating
SC-SC Multimode Patch Cord
LC-LC Single-mode Patch Cord
ST-LC Multimode Patch Cord
SC-ST Single-mode Patch Cord
ST Connectors
SC Connectors
LC Connectors
Duplex Multimode LC Connectors
