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3 stages of clean water management - Coggle Diagram
3 stages of clean water management
Delivery
Ways to deliver
Pipes
Mainly located in developed countries as the cost of installing pips are high.
Unless pipes are properly maintained there can be large losses of water from leaking pipes.
Stand pipes
Mainly located in urban areas of developing countries
Often retrieve water by bucket
Buckets could be contaminated
Well
Essential for developing countries
Often retrieve water by bucket
Bucket contamination
Mostly used for retrieving water from wells or stand pipes.
Water left in buckets could be vulnerable to insects and animals
Universal problem for retrieving water from wells and
plastic bottles
Water could be from a spring
High cost
Use of plastic containers
Transportation
each container needs to be filled
Usually seen in developed cities
Other ways to use water
Farm irrigation
Exercise flood control
Create good supply of electricity
Improving navigation
collection
Reservoir
Other uses
Reservoirs and other locked systems allow ships to go further up stream
Aquifers
River
Treatment
Why we need to treat water?
Pollution
Acid rain
Seepage of pollutant from surrounding hll sides
Gound water is badly contaminated by chemicals in rocks eg :
Treatments is needed to remove pollutants to remove pollutants from the "raw" collected water, and produce water that is pure enough for human use.
Substances to be removed
Suspended solids
Silt
Soil
Bacteria
Algae
Viruses
Fungi
Minerals
Iron
Manganese
Sulfur
Synthetic chemicals pollutants
Fertilisers
All water is contaminated one way or another.
How do we treat water?
Chlorination
to control any biological growth eg. algae
Aeration
to remove dissolved iron and manganese
Sedimentation
to remove suspended solids
Filtration
to remove very fine sediments
Disinfection
to kill bacteria
How is water polluted?
