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Life in Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy - Coggle Diagram
Life in Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy
Women
Similarities
Traditional femininity became top priority
Women were to be closely tied to the family
Stay out of the workplace
Many women actually had to work for the war effort
Motherhood prioritized
Germany: Law for the Encouragement of Marriage
Italy: Battle for Births
Intended to increase population and thus national power
Financial incentives to start family
Stripped of voting rights
Differences
Italy's birth rate actually declined
German "Three K's"
Kinder
Kueche
Kirche
Germany's women previously had equal rights
Children/education
Similaritites
Schools
Intended to indoctrinate children towards the state
Physical fitness emphasized
History class adapted towards idealism
Clubs
Boys
Hitler Youth (Germany)
Gateway to the SS or officer ranks
Balilla (Italy)
Taught that war was the essence of masculinity
Taught toughness and militarism
Girls
BDM (Germany)
Taught femininity and motherhood, as well as community service
Genders were almost always separated
Differences
Clubs
Italy had no major girl's club
German BDM was almost as big as the Hitler Youth
Hitler Youth participation was compulsory
Schools
Italy implemented more Christian teaching
Partly to appease Catholics
Germany included Eugenics classes
Antisemitism
German schools were gender-segregated
German schools eventually banned marginalized groups
Economics
Similarities
Neither entirely capitalist nor communist
Industrial advancement
Used to bolster military
Promotion of agriculture
Dissolved unions
Large businesses preserved and nationalized
Differences
Italy remained less industrialized
Germany came out of more drastic economic crises
Italy accomplished meager industrial advancement compared to Germany
Germany's economy was prepared for war; Italy's wasn't
Cultural policies
Similarities
Religion
Christians were a source of opposition
Churches opposed the violent nature of the regimes
Catholics
Signed agreements to leave each other alone
They still opposed each other
Police
Paramilitary groups
SA (Germany)
Purged after Night of Long Knives
Blackshirts (Italy)
Secret police
OVRA (Italy)
Gestapo (Germany)
Propaganda
Use of radio
German radio was more developed
Cult of personality
Il Duce
Der Fuhrer
Stories of struggle
Posters
Discredited opposition
Return to glory
The arts
Pro-state art was promoted
Modern "degenerate" art was shunned
Differences
Religion
Germany
Tried to reform Christianity
Had to deal with Protestants too
Italy
Lateran agreement
Vatican untouched
Catholicism in schools
The arts
Germany
Destruction of Jewish works
New works promoted Aryanism
Italy
Promotion of Italian identity of artistry
Police
Italy
Comparatively less brutal
Germany
SS as Hitler's personal guard
Much more organized prisons/camps
Propaganda
Italy
Roman glory
Germany
Folk-ism
Goebbels as minister