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Bauhaus Design Movement (1919-1993) - Coggle Diagram
Bauhaus Design Movement
(1919-1993)
Influences and Inspiration
First world war industrial methods and materials.
Geometrically pure forms, as also influenced Art Deco.
Post first world war idealism, abolition of censorship, Arts and crafts' views on form and function .
German design school
Features
Founded as an art school by Walter groupies and eventually closed due to pressure from the Nazis.
The course covered materials, form, metalwork, furniture design, architecture, graphics and more.
Basic principle
"form follow function"
.
(Aesthetics are dictated by the way a product works).
Rejecting the liberal use of decoration such as the natural forms of Art Nouveau.
Embraced mass production to create "everyday products for everyday people" using modern materials such as tubular steel, contrasting with the Arts and Crafts movement's approach.
Designers
Marcel Breuer
Marcel Breuer's chairs typify its functional, ornament- free "machine aesthetic" approach.
Its work was often criticised and the movement saw ew of its designs being mass produced.
Marcel Breuer's designs inspired Avar-Aalto and others to design similar bent plywood furniture.
At the Bauhaus he designed the Wassily Chair and the Cesca Chair which is “among the 10 most important chairs of the 20th century.
Water gropius
Founder of the Bauhaus school and pioneering masters of modernist architecture.
Born: 18 May 1883, Berlin, Germany
Died: 5 July 1969, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Inspiration:
Although he studied architecture in Berlin and Munich (1903-1907), he received no degree. He then went to work in Berlin for Peter Behrens, one of several German architects who was influenced by the British Arts and Crafts movement and who attempted to go further by adapting good design to machine production.
Marianne Brandt
Marianne Brandt was a German painter, sculptor, photographer, metalsmith, and designer who studied at the Bauhaus art school in Weimar and later became head of the Bauhaus Metall-Werkstatt in Dessau in 1927
Born: 1 October 1893, Germany
Died: 18 June 1983, Germany
Mies Van Der Rohe
Pioneer in modernist architecture.
Born: 27 March 1886, Germany
Died: 17 August 1969, United States
Architect whose rectilinear forms, crafted in elegant simplicity, epitomized the International Style and exemplified his famous principle that
“less is more.”
He went further than anyone else regarding structural honesty, making the actual supports of his buildings.
Bauhaus Characteristics
Plainness.
Straightforward simplicity.
Being conducive to mass production.
Retaining the integrity of craft materials (as in materials should be used in their honest and natural form and not altered)
Streamlined aesthetics.
Modernity.
Bauhaus artists favoured linear and geometrical forms, while floral or curvilinear shapes were avoided. Only line, shape and colour mattered. Anything else was unnecessary and needed to be reduced.
Bauhaus Principles
Syllabus for the Weimar Bauhaus school
No border between artist and craftsman. ...
The artist is an exalted craftsman. ...
«Form follows function». ...
Gesamtkunstwerk or the 'complete work of art'. ...
True materials. ...
Minimalism. ...
Emphasises on technology. ...
Smart use of resources.
