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Reforming the Industrial World Maria Paula Bolivar and Ernesto Salazar -…

- - - - The ideal of health for everyone no matter their status or social rank.
    - - Reforms that were made so prisons had better living conditions and that they were better.
    - - The basic education for everyone not necessarily school but the values and principles.
- - - - If factory owners refused these demands, union members could strike, or refuse to work.
    - - Were negotiations between workers and their employers. They bargained for better working conditions and higher pay.
- - - - Dictatorship
        
        A government where there is one person as the leader and controls everything by him/herself.
    - - Utilitarianism
        
        It is the theory that people should judge ideas, institutions, and actions on the basis of their utility or usefulness. Governments should try to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people. A government policy was only useful if it promoted it’s goal. Individuals should be free to pursue their own advantage without interference from the state.
        
        John Stuart Mill
        
        wished to help ordinary working people with policies that would lead to a more equal division of profits. He called for the government to do away with great differences in wealth.
      - Socialism
        
        A system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all. It grew out of an optimistic view of human nature, a belief in progress, and a concern for social justice. Socialists argued that the government should plan the economy rather than depend on free-market capitalism to do the job and that government control of factories, mines, railroads, and other key industries would end poverty and promote equality. Public ownership, they believed, would help workers, who were at the mercy of their employers.
      - Marxism (cause)
        
        A radical type of socialism
        
        The Communist Manifesto (effect)
        
        23-page pamphlet in which Marx outlined his ideas
        
        Karl Marx
        
        Argued that human societies have always been divided into warring classes. While the wealthy controlled the means of producing goods, the poor performed backbreaking labor under terrible conditions. This situation resulted in conflict. Marx predicted that the workers would overthrow the owners. Believed belief that economic forces alone dominated society.
        
        Social Classes (cause)
        
        Bourgeoise (effect)
        
        The middle class “haves” or employers.
        
        Proletariat (effect)
        
        The “have-nots” or workers.
      - Communism
        
        A form of complete socialism in which the means of production—all land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses—would be owned by the people. Private property would in effect cease to exist. All goods and services would be shared equally.
    - - Laissez Faire (effect)
        
        Natural Laws of Economics (cause)
        
        -Law of self-interest: people work for their own good.
        
        -Law of competition: competition forces people to make a better product.
        
        -Law of supply and demand: enough goods would be produced at the lowest possible price to meet demand in a market economy.
        
        The economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference: “let people do as they please”. These philosophers believed that if governments allowed free trade, the economy would prosper (economic liberty granted economic progress).
      - Capitalism (cause)
        
        Permanent Underclass (effect)
        
        instead of fixing the gap between the rich and the poor (which was widened during the industrial revolution) they should maintain it because it was beneficial for the economy. They also said that the underclass would always be poor, so there would be no use in trying to reduce the gap.
        
        An economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit.
        
        David Ricardo
        
        Believed that a permanent underclass would always be poor.
        
        Thomas Malthus
        
        Argued that population increased more rapidly than food supply which is why without wars and epidemics a lot of people were destined to be poor and miserable.