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Victor Sandoval Nervous System Per. 2 - Coggle Diagram
Victor Sandoval Nervous System Per. 2
Major Functions of the nervous system
3 broad functions
sensory input, information processing, ans motor output
sensory receptor neurons respond to physical stimuli in our environment like touch or temperature
sends signals that inform the CNS of the state of the body and the external environment
primary function of the nervous system is to collect a multitude of sensory information
integrate information
initiate appropriate responses throughout the body
brain, spinalcord, and the peripheral nerves
Major Divisions and sub divisions of the nervous system
Central Nervous System CNS
peripheral nervous system PNS
CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord
the brain plays a big role
control in movements, sensations, thoughts, speech, and memories
some reflex can occur via spinal cord pathways without the participation of brain structures
autonomic nervous system divided into three parts
sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous sysrem, and the enteric nervous system
PNS is further divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
tissues
two types of nervous tissue
neuroglia
neurons
neurons transmit the impulses
neuroglia privide physical support for the neural tissue
control tissue fluids around the neurons
help defend the neurons from invading organisms and xenobiotics
Classififcations of neurons and coverings
based upon the number of processes that extend out from the cell body
3 major groups
multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons
multipolar neurons are defined as having three or more processes that extend out from the cell body
sensory, motor, and interneurons
Can classify neurons by the direction of the action potential or route by which information travels
afferent neurons convey information travels
afferent neurons convey information from tissues and organs to the brain and efferent signals transmit information from the brain to effector cells in the body
Major Parts and Function of the spinal cord
Two functions
transmission of nerve impulses
neurons in the white matter of the spinal cord transmit sensory signals from the spinal cord transmit sensory signals from peripheral regions to the brain
transmit motor signals fromm the brain to peripheral regions
Spinal reflexes
motor functions
sensory functions
autonomic functions
nerve cells responsible for movement
carries signals between the brain and the rest of the body
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
nervous tissue composed of white and gray matter
uniformly organized and divided in 4 sub regions
Cervical (C), Thoracic(T), Lumbar(L) and Sacral(S)
cervical - neck, thoracic - chest, lumbar - lowerback
composed of 33 bones
called vertebrae
split into five sections
cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine sections, and the sacrum and coccyx bones
Neurotransmitters
referred to as the bodys chemical messengers
are molecules used by nervous system to transmit messages between neurons
communication between two neurons happens in the synaptic cleft
the synaptic cleft is the small gap between the synapses if nurons
Dopamine
glutamate
serotonin
norepinephrine
gamma aminobutyric acid
other neurotransmitters
compare and contrast autonomic nervous system
Somatic Nervous System transmits sensory and motor signals to and from the central nervous system
The autonomic nervous system controls the function of our organs amd glands and can be divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic
SNS has sensory and motor pathways
ANS only has motor pathways
ANS controls internal organs and glands
SNS controls muscles and movement
Reflex arc
5 components
sensory receptor
senory neuron
integration center
motor neuron
effector target
neural pathway that controls a reflex
most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain
allows for faster reflex actions to occur by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of routing signals thtough the brains