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Lymphatic/Immune System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - innate desfense system
      - adaptive defense system
- - - - dendritic cells
        
        act as mobile sentinels of boundary tissue
        
        phagocytize pathogens that enter tissues, then enter lymphatics to present antigens to T cells in lymph node
        
        most effective APC
        
        key link between innate & adaptive immunity
      - macrophages
        
        present antigens to T cells, which activates T cell and macrophage
        
        activated macrophage becomes phagocytic killer
        
        trigger inflammatory responses & recruit additional defenses
      - B lymphocytes
        
        do not activate naive T cells
        
        present antigens to helper T cells to assist their own activation
- - - - IgM (pentamer): 1st immunoglobin class secreted by plasma cells during primary response
      - IgA (dimer): found in body secretions & helps stop pathogens from attacking to epithelial cell surface
      - IgD (monomer): functions as a B cell antigen receptor, like IgM
      - IgG (monomer):most abundant antibody in plasma; is the main antibody of both secondary and late primary responses
      - IgE (monomer): stem end binds to mast cells or basophils, antigen binding to its receptor end triggers these cells to release histamine & other chemicals that mediate inflammation & an allergic reaction
    - - Neutralization: prevent antigens from binding to receptor on tissue cells
      - Agglutination: allows for antigen-binding complexes to become more cross-linked into large lattice-like clumps
      - Complement fixation & activation: main antibody defense against cellular antigens
      - Precipitation: precipitated complexes are easier for phagocytes to engulf
- - - - phagocyte: white blood cells that eat foreign invaders
      - neutrophils: most abundant phagocyte, but die fighting; become phagocytic on exposure to infectious material
      - macrophages: most robust phagocytic cell; develop from monocytes & are chief phagocytic cells
    - - NK cells: nonphagocytic, large granular lymphocytes that police blood & lymph
      - can kill cancer & virus infected cells before adaptive immune response is activated
      - induce apoptosis in cancer cells & virus infected cells to kill
      - secrete potent chemicals that enhance inflammatory response
    - - inflammation: triggered whenever body tissues are injured (trauma, heat, chemicals, infection)
      - prevents spread of damaging agents
      - disposes of cell debris & pathogens
      - alerts adaptive immune system
      - sets the stage for repair
      - 4 signs of acute inflammation
        
        redness
        
        heat
        
        swelling
        
        pain
- - - - 1. T cell releases perforins & granzymes by exocytosis; stimulates apoptosis
      - 2. T cell binds to specific membrane receptor on target cell & stimulates apoptosis