Lymph/Immune System Brenda Alcaraz P.1
types of defenses
Major Function
types of responses
Anatomy of the lymphatic system
Lymphatic
Immune system
innate
adaptive
disorders
antigens vs antibodies
- innate and adaptive system defenses
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Hodgkin’s disease
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome
AIDS
Immunodeficiency
Humoral
cellular
antibodies
antigens
binding specifically with antigen detected by B cells
T or Y shaped antibody
proteins secreted by plasma cells
mobilize adaptive defenses
provoke an immune response
Targets of all adaptive
2nd line of defense
non specficic
1st line of defense
specific
3rd line of defense
humoral immunity
cellular immunity
Cells Involved
- antigen presenting cells ; capture of antigens for display
- effector cells: elimination of antigens
1.lymphocytes: specific recognition
t lymph
b lyph
dendrites
macrophages
b cells
t lymph
macrophages
granulocytes
mediators of cell mediated community
mediators of humoral
initiation of t cell
effector phase for cellular
activation of photctyes, kill infected cells
phagocytotic and killing microbes
killing microbes
helper T cell
t reg
CD4 and CD8
congenital that impair function/ production of immune cells/ molecules
genetic defect with marked deficit in B and T cells
causes cancer of B cells, which depresses lymph node cells
HIV
interfering with activity of helper T cells
reduction in the numbers of CD4-bearing helper T cells to 20 percent or less of normal
Autoimmune disease
Autoimmunity
loses ability to distinguish self from foreign
production of autoantibodies and sensitized TCcells that destroys body tissues
- removes debris from cells of body
- transports fats from digestive system
- drains excess fluids from tissue
- produces lymph to protect and defend body from infection
- transports clean fluids back to blood
- functional system
- provides resistance to disease
- eliminates almost any pathogen or abnormal cell in body
- regulation and protect
external body membranes
antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other
attacks particularf foreign substances
surface barriers
skin
mucous membrane
internal defenses
natural killer cels
phagoctyes
inflammation
antimicrobial proteins
fever
b cells
t cells
b cells
t cells
- preserving the integrity of the body
recognizes and targets specific antigens
systematic
not restricted to initial site
memory
mounts an even stronger attack to “known” antigens
Lymphocytes act against target cell
Bind temporarily to target cell
marks for destruction
directly
indirectly
killing infected cells
release chemicals that enhance inflammatory response/ activation of other lymph
large, complex
completeantigen or hapten(
antigentic determinants
Can be a self-antigen
covers variety of proteins located on surface that are not antigenic to self, but may be antigenic to others
active response
passive response
B cells encounter antigens & produce specific antibodies against them
ready-made antibodies introduced into body
artificially acquired
natural acquired
bacterial or viral infection
vaccine of dead/ attenuated pathogens
naturally acquired
artificially acquired
injection of serum
antibodies delivered to fetus via placenta or to infant through milk
antibody classes
Five major classes: IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, and IgE
inactivate and tag antigens
defensive mechanism
- Precipitation
- Agglutination
- Complement fixation
- Neutralization
secondary lymphoid organs
primary lymphoid organs
- thymus
- Red bone marrow
2, tonsils
- spleen
1.lymph nodes
- appendix
cleanse lymphs
sire for lymphocyte activation and prolife
cleanses blood
removes aged or defective RBC
nose
mouth
- malt
prevent pathogens penetration's of mucous
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aggregated lymphoid nodules SI
- peyer's patches
T cell maturation