Lymph/Immune System Brenda Alcaraz P.1

types of defenses

Major Function

types of responses

Anatomy of the lymphatic system

Lymphatic

Immune system

innate

adaptive

disorders

antigens vs antibodies

  1. innate and adaptive system defenses

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Hodgkin’s disease

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome

AIDS

Immunodeficiency

Humoral

cellular

antibodies

antigens

binding specifically with antigen detected by B cells

T or Y shaped antibody

proteins secreted by plasma cells

mobilize adaptive defenses

provoke an immune response

Targets of all adaptive

2nd line of defense

non specficic

1st line of defense

specific

3rd line of defense

humoral immunity

cellular immunity

Cells Involved

  1. antigen presenting cells ; capture of antigens for display
  1. effector cells: elimination of antigens

1.lymphocytes: specific recognition

t lymph

b lyph

dendrites

macrophages

b cells

t lymph

macrophages

granulocytes

mediators of cell mediated community

mediators of humoral

initiation of t cell

effector phase for cellular

activation of photctyes, kill infected cells

phagocytotic and killing microbes

killing microbes

helper T cell

t reg

CD4 and CD8

congenital that impair function/ production of immune cells/ molecules

genetic defect with marked deficit in B and T cells

causes cancer of B cells, which depresses lymph node cells

HIV

interfering with activity of helper T cells

reduction in the numbers of CD4-bearing helper T cells to 20 percent or less of normal

Autoimmune disease

Autoimmunity

loses ability to distinguish self from foreign

production of autoantibodies and sensitized TCcells that destroys body tissues

  1. removes debris from cells of body
  1. transports fats from digestive system
  1. drains excess fluids from tissue
  1. produces lymph to protect and defend body from infection
  1. transports clean fluids back to blood
  1. functional system
  1. provides resistance to disease
  1. eliminates almost any pathogen or abnormal cell in body
  1. regulation and protect

external body membranes

antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other

attacks particularf foreign substances

surface barriers

skin

mucous membrane

internal defenses

natural killer cels

phagoctyes

inflammation

antimicrobial proteins

fever

b cells

t cells

b cells

t cells

  1. preserving the integrity of the body

recognizes and targets specific antigens

systematic

not restricted to initial site

memory

mounts an even stronger attack to “known” antigens

Lymphocytes act against target cell

Bind temporarily to target cell

marks for destruction

directly

indirectly

killing infected cells

release chemicals that enhance inflammatory response/ activation of other lymph

large, complex

completeantigen or hapten(

antigentic determinants

Can be a self-antigen

covers variety of proteins located on surface that are not antigenic to self, but may be antigenic to others

active response

passive response

B cells encounter antigens & produce specific antibodies against them

ready-made antibodies introduced into body

artificially acquired

natural acquired

bacterial or viral infection

vaccine of dead/ attenuated pathogens

naturally acquired

artificially acquired

injection of serum

antibodies delivered to fetus via placenta or to infant through milk

antibody classes

Five major classes: IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, and IgE

inactivate and tag antigens

defensive mechanism

  1. Precipitation
  1. Agglutination
  1. Complement fixation
  1. Neutralization

secondary lymphoid organs

primary lymphoid organs

  1. thymus
  1. Red bone marrow

2, tonsils

  1. spleen

1.lymph nodes

  1. appendix

cleanse lymphs

sire for lymphocyte activation and prolife

cleanses blood

removes aged or defective RBC

nose

mouth

  1. malt

prevent pathogens penetration's of mucous

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aggregated lymphoid nodules SI

  1. peyer's patches

T cell maturation