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Lymphatic/Immune System Natalie Montoya Period 2 - Coggle Diagram
Lymphatic/Immune System Natalie Montoya
Period 2
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems
Lymphatic System - Comprised of a network of vessels that assist the circulation of body fluids
Return clean fluids and leaked proteins back to the blood
Drain excess fluid from the tissue
Play an essential role in body defenses and resistance to diseases
Immune System - Functions as the body's defense against infectious pathogens
The immune system protects the body from possibly harmful substances by recognizing and responding to antigens.
Antigens are substances (usually proteins) on the surface of cells, viruses, fungi, or bacteria.
Anatomy of the lymphatic system
Lymph - fluid carried by the lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic Tissue contains lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells
Lymph Nodules
compact masses of lymphatic tissue
tonsils, appendix, peyer's patches
Lymphatic Organs
lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
Humoral Response And Cellular Response
Antigens and antibodies
Antigen - basically anything that can cause an immune response
can be an entire pathogen or a part of it
proteins, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, or glycolipids that can trigger an immune response
Antibodies - A protein made by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in response to an antigen.
Each antibody can bind to only one specific antigen.
The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen.
Cells involved in the immune system
B-Cells- secrete antibodies that indirectly lead to the destruction of foreign material
T-Cells - cause direct destruction of virus invaded cells and mutant cells
Disorders associated with the Immune System
HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HIV Transmission
Unprotected Sexual Contact
Sharing Unterilized Needles or Syringes
Blood Transfusions
During pregnancy or breastfeeding through mother
AIDS- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
The virus kills or impairs more and more cells in the immune system and the body loses the ability to fight off the common infections.
HIV is a virus. AIDS is a stage and not a disease
Innate Immune Defenses and Adaptive Immune Defenses
Pathogens- disease causing agents that can cause infections within the body
Innate Defense
- Born with it
Chemical Barriers- highly acidic and caustic environment provided by gastric juice, or lysozyme in tears, kills pathogens
Mechanical Barriers- unroken skin and mucous memnrabe of the body create mechanical (physical) barriers that prevent entry of certain pathogens
Natural Killer(NK) Cells- A type of of lymphocyte that defends the body various viruses and cancer cells
Species Resistance- A species is resistant to diseases that affect other species
Inflammation- a tissue response to a pathogen
Phagocytosis- The most active phagocytes are neutrophils and monocytes; these leave the bloodstream at areas of injury
Fever- powerful protections against infections by interfering with the proper conditions that promote bacterial growth.
Adaptive Defenses
- develops slowly (takes time)
Body's 3rd Line of Defense