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Lymphatic/Immune System Juan C. Olivares P.2 - Coggle Diagram
Lymphatic/Immune System Juan C. Olivares P.2
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems
Immune System
Functions as the body's defense against infectious pathogens
Keeps pathogens out and attacks those that do enter the body
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic vessels collect and carry away (one way) excess fluid from interstitial spaces and special vessels called lacteals transport fasts to the circulatory system
The organs, cells, and biochemicals of the lymphatic system help defend against diseases
comprised of a network of vessels that assist in the circulation of body fluids
Anatomy of the lymphatic system
Lymphatic vessels
collect and carry away way (one way) excess fluid interstitial spaces and special vessels called lacteals transport fats to the circulatory system.
Lymphoid tissues or organs
Lymphatic tissue contains lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells
Lymph nodules
Compact masses of lymphatic tissues
Tonsils, appendix, Peyer's patches
Lymphatic organs
Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
Disorders associated with the immune system
HIV (Human Immuno-deficiency Virus)
Once infected with HIV, a person is referred to as HIV positive. However, this does not necessarily mean that (s)he has symptoms or feels sick. An HIV positive person can feel and look healthy for a long time after first becoming infected.
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
Takes many years to develop
Eventually, the virus kills or impairs more and more cells in the immune system and the body loses the ability to fight off common infections, such as diarrhea or colds. People with Aids can die from diseases that are usually not dangerous for people with healthy immune systems
Cells Involved in the immune system
T lymphocytes (T cells)
Located in Lymphatic tissues, 70-80% of the circulating lymphocytes in the blood
Provides cellular immune response in which T cells interact directly with the antigens or antigen-bearing agents, to destroy them
B lymphocytes (B cells)
Located in Lymphatic tissues, 20-30% of the circulating lymphocytes in the blood
Provides humoral immune response in which B cells interact indirectly, producing antibodies that destroy the antigens or antigen-bearing agents
Antigens and antibodies
Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)
Soluble protein secreted by plasma cells (that are derived from B cells)
Carried by body fluids, capable of binding specifically to antigens
There are five major types of antibodies: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE
Antigens
Before birth, the body makes an inventory of "self" proteins and other large molecules
Antigens are generally larger and more complex molecules
Proteins, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, or glycolipids that can trigger an immune response
Humoral response and cellular response
Humoral Response
Antibodies circulating in serum
Primary defense against extracellular pathogens: extracellular bacteria, circulating virus
B Lymphocytes
Cellular Response
T Lymphocytes
Direct cell-to-cell contact or secreted soluble products
Primary defense against intracellular pathogens: viruses and fungi, intracellular bacteria
Innate (natural) immune defenses and Adaptive (acquired) immune defense
Innate Immune System
"born with it"
respond rapidly
Include species resistance, mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytosis and fever
Body's 1st and 2nd line of defense
Adaptive Immune Defense
Body's 3rd line of defense
The response mounted by the body against specific, recognized foreign molecules.