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Lymphatic/Immune System Senen Velasco P.6 - Coggle Diagram
Lymphatic/Immune System Senen Velasco P.6
Major function of the lymphatic and immune system
Immune System
functions as the bodies defense against infectious pathogens
Keeps pathgoens out and attack those that do enter the body
Lymphatic system
return clean fluid and leaked protien back to the blood
drain excess fluid from tissue
play an essential role in body defense and resistance to diseases
Lymphatic anatomy
Lymph nodules
Compact masses of lymphatic tissue
tonsils appendix peyers patches
Lymphatic organs
Lymph nodes
Contain lymphocytes and macrophage
loacted along lymphatic vessel
Are bean shaped
covered with connective tissue and divide it into nodules and space called sinuses
thymus
Loacted behind the sternum abouve the heart
shirnks during lifetime
surrounded by connective tissue and capsule that extend inside of it and divide into lobules
the thymus secretes hormones called thymosin which regulates of T lympcytes devleopment
Spleen
lies in the upper left abdominal cavity and is the body largest lymhatic organ
the spleen resembles a large node except that it contain blood instead of lymph
it is composed of white pulp and red pulp
the spleen filters the blood and removes damaged blood cells and bacteria
Innate(natural) immune defense and apaptive(aquired) defense
Innate (non-specifc) defense
Respond rapidly
born with it
include specific resistance mechanical barirer, chemical barriers, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever
Both work together to protect body against infection
adaptive (specific) defense
develop slowly
body learns this during lifetime
carried out by lymphocytes that recognize a specifc invader
Humoral response
A b cell may become activated and produce a clone of cells when antigen receptor encounter its matching antigen, but most b cells need helper t cells for activation
When a helper t cell encounters a B cell that has itself encountered an antigen the helper t cell releases cytokines that activates the B cell so that it can divide and form clones
some of the B cells become plasma cells producing and secreting antibodies
Like T cells, some of the B cells become memory B cells to respond to future encounter eith the antigen
antibody-meditated immune response is also called humoral immune response
Cellular response
T cell activation requires the presense of an antigen-presenting cell such as s B cell or macrophage that already encountred the antigen
In order for the t cell to become activated, it must first encounter a macrophage displaying the antigen on its major hiscompability complex protein
Activated T cells interact firectly with antigen bearing cells and such cells to cells contact is called cellular immune response or meditated immunity
T cells also sythesize and secrete cyto kined that eill enhance celllular response to antigend
A helper T cell stimulates B cell to produce antibodies for the displayed antigen
Antigens and antibodies
Antibodies
Soluble protein secreted by plasma cells (that are derived ftom B cells)
Carried by body fluid capable of binding specifically to antigen
There are five type of antibodies
IgA
IgG
IgM
IgD
IgE
Antigens
protein ,polysaccharides, glycoprotein, or glycolipids that can trigger an immune response
can be entire pathogens or a part of it
basically anything that can cause an immune response
Before birth the body makes an inventory of self proteins and other large molecules
Antigen are generally larger and more complex molecule
Cells involved in the immune system
T Lymphocytes
also known as T cells
B Lymphocytes
also known as B cells
Disorder with the immune system
Allergies
Many small molecule are not antigenic but link up with our own protein
the immune system may be recognized and response to a protein-hapten combo
the immune response is harmful rather than protective because its attacks our own cells
Auto immunituy
In autoimmunity disorder the immune system may react with a foreign antigen on the surface of the transplanted tissue, causing a tissue rejection reaction
Autoimmune disorder may result from virak infections, faulty T cells development, or reaction to a nonself antigen that bears close resemblence to a self antigen