Lymph Immune System
Tyra Austria
Period 6
Major functions (Both)
Anatomy of the lymphatic system
Innate(natural)immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired)immune defenses
Humoral response and cellular response
Antigens and antibodies
Cells involved in the immune system
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Adaptive Cells. B cells have two major functions: They present antigens to T cells, and more importantly, they produce antibodies to neutralize infectious microbes. Antibodies coat the surface of a pathogen and serve three major roles: neutralization, opsonization, and complement activation.
Lymphocytes: These small white blood cells play a large role in defending the body against disease, according to the Mayo Clinic. The two types of lymphocytes are B-cells, which make antibodies that attack bacteria and toxins, and T-cells, which help destroy infected or cancerous cells.
The cells of the immune system can be categorized as lymphocytes (T-cells, B-cells and NK cells), neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages. These are all types of white blood cells. The major proteins of the immune system are predominantly signaling proteins (often called cytokines), antibodies, and complement proteins.
Lymphatic system
Immune system
Protect the body from illness-causing invaders, maintain body fluid levels, absorbing digestive tract fats and removing cellular waste.
Consists of a complex network of vessels , tissues, organs.
It helps maintain fluid balance in the body bu collecting excess fluid and particulate matter from tissues and depositing them in bloodstream.
Play an essential tole in body defenses and resistance to diseases
Keeps pathogens out and attack those that do enter the body
In humans, there are two types of immunity; the innate (non-specific) defense, in which everyone is born with it. Innate also respond immediately to protect against foreign substances.
Function as the body's defenses against infectious pathogens.
Fight disease-causing germs like bacteria viruses, parasites or fungi, and to remove them from the body.
To recognize and neutralize harmful substances from the environment.
To fight disease-causing changes in the body, such as cancer cell.
Adaptive (specific) defenses or a "body learns" this during its lifetime. How every=r both of adaptive and innate work together to protect body against infection.
Innate respond rapidly. Including species resistance, mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytes, and fever.
Adaptive develop slowly and also carried out by lymphocytes that recognizes a specific invader. That laos can be found only invertebrates. This response is specific to the pathogen presented.
Innate immunity is compromised of different components including physical barriers, anatomical barriers, epithelial and mucous, and phagocytic cell enzymes.
This also involved barriers that keep harmful materials from entering the body. These barriers form the first line of defense in the immune response.
For Example cough reflex, Enzymes in tears and skin oils, Mucus which traps bacteria and small particles, syomach acid.
The adaptive response is meant to attack non-self pathogens but can sometimes make errors and attack itself.
For Example for Adaptive immune: (provide long-lasting protection) Someone who recovers from measles although not against other common viruses, such as those that cause mumps or chickenpox.
Body's 3rd line of defense which is celluar immune response
Humoral response also called antibody-mediated immunity. With assistance from helper T cells, B cells will differentiate into plasma B cells that can produce antibodies against a specific antigen. The humoral immune system deals with antigens from pathogens that are freely circulating, or outside the infected cells.
Examples include the body's complement system and substances called interferon and interleukin-1 (which causes fever). If an antigen gets past these barriers, it is attacked and destroyed by other parts of the immune system.
The cellular response the binding of chemical signals to their corresponding receptors induces events within the cell that ultimately change its behavior.
Cellular responses can be extremely rapid, for example, the opening of ion channels to effect a change in the membrane potential or the contraction of muscle fibers, which occur within milliseconds of signal reception, or may take minutes, such as whole cell movement, synthesis of new proteins or changes in metabolic
The lymphatic system consists of lymph vessels, ducts, nodes, and other tissues. Around 2 liters of fluid leak from the cardiovascular system into body tissues every day. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels that collect these fluids, or lymph.
The lymphatic system consists of all lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organs
The lymphatic system is a subsystem of the circulatory system in the vertebrate body that consists of a complex network of vessels, tissues, and organs. It helps maintain fluid balance in the body by collecting excess fluid and particulate matter from tissues and depositing them in the bloodstream.
Antigens is a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
Antigens and antibodies play vital but distinct roles in illness and disease. One tries to wreak havoc on our health while the other fights to protect it. Simply put, antigens can make you sick, and antibodies are how your body defends itself against antigens.
Antibodies attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for the immune cells to destroy the antigen. T lymphocytes attack antigens directly and help control the immune response. They also release chemicals, known as cytokines, which control the entire immune response
Antigens are molecules capable of stimulating an immune response. Each antigen has distinct surface features, or epitopes, resulting in specific responses. Antibodies (immunoglobins) are Y-shaped proteins produced by B cells of the immune system in response to exposure to antigens.
There are two types of immunodeficiency disorders: those you are born with (primary), and those that are acquired (secondary). Anything that weakens your immune system can lead to a secondary immunodeficiency disorder.
Type 1 diabetes- Immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Rheumatoid arthritis- This type of arthritis causes swelling and deformities of the joints. Lupus This disease attacks body tissues, including the lungs, kidneys, and skin.