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C3 Elements and compounds - Coggle Diagram
C3 Elements and compounds
Periodic table
:
Elements are arranged on the Periodic Table in order of increasing atomic number, where each element has one proton more than the element preceding it
The table is arranged in vertical columns called Groups numbered 1 – 8 and in rows called Periods
Period
: these are the horizontal rows that show the number of shells of electrons an atom has
Group
: these are the vertical columns that show how many outer electrons each atom has
Metals and non metals
Metals occur on the left-hand side of the Periodic table and nonmetals on the right-hand side
Between the metals and the nonmetals lie the elements which display some properties of both
These elements are referred to as metalloids or semi-metals
Metals
Electrical conductivity
: good conductors of electricity
Type of oxide
: basic oxides (a few amphoteric)
Bonding
: metallic due to loss of outer shell electrons
Reactions with acids
: many react with acid
Electron arrangement
: 1-3 (more in period 5 and 6) outer shell electrons
Physical characteristics
: malleable, can be bended and shaped, high melting and boiling point
Non-metals
:
Electrical conductivity
: poor conductors of electricity
Type of oxide
: acidic oxide (some are neutral)
Bonding
: covalent by sharing of outer shell electrons
Reactions with acids
: do not react with acids
Electron arrangement
: 4-7 electrons in the outer shell
Physical characteristics
: flaky, brittle, low melting and boiliing point
Electronic configuration and the Periodic table
The electronic configuration is the arrangement of electrons into shells for an atom
There is a link between the electronic configuration of the elements and their position on the Periodic table
The number of notations in the electronic configuration will show the number of shells of electrons the atom has, showing the Period
The last notation shows the number of outer electrons the atom has, showing the Group number
Chemical properties of elements in the same group
Elements in the same Group in the Periodic table have similar chemical properties
When atoms collide and react, it is the outermost electrons that interact
The similarity in their chemical properties stems from having the same number of electrons in their outer shell