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Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance - Coggle Diagram
Italy: Birthplace
of the Renaissance
setting on stage
during the middle ages europe suffered from wars and a pleague
the people who survived start to question some middle ages aspects
as the inability to prevent war
as the church
In northern Italy, writers and artists began to
express this new spirit and to experiment with different styles
These persons would change the vision Europeans had of themselves and of the world
Italy’s Advantages
This movement that started in Italy caused an explosion of creativity in art,
writing, and thought that lasted approximately from 1300 to 1600
Historians call this period Renaissance
Which menas rebirth
In this context refers to the new ideas of expression and understanding of the world that emerged
People wanted to bring back to life the culture of classical Greece and Rome
one of the principal changes in thought and art of this perdiod was the new importance not of the community but of the individual
Italy had three advantages that made it the birthplace of the Renaissance: thriving
cities, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical heritage of Greece and Rome.
After several wars and the bubonic plague, the population was decrease in huge amounts
This brought economic changes. Because there were fewer laborers, survivors could demand higher wages. With few opportunities to expand business, merchants began to pursue other interests, such as art.
Merchants dominated politics
As a result, many successful merchants believed they deserved power and wealth because of their individual merit
Looking to Greece and Rome
Renaissance scholars wanted to return to the learning of the Greeks and Romans
they and the artists y drew inspiration from the ruins of Rome that surrounded them. Second, Western scholars studied ancient Latin manuscripts that had been preserved in monasteries. Third, Christian scholars in Constantinople fled to Rome with Greek manuscripts when the Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453
Classical and Worldly Values
As scholars studied these manuscripts, they became more influenced by classical ideas. These ideas helped them to develop a new outlook on life and art.
Classics Lead to Humanism
The study of classical texts led to humanism, an
intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements.
Worldly Pleasures
humanists suggested that a person might enjoy life without offending God. In Renaissance Italy, the wealthy enjoyed material luxuries, good music, and fine foods
Patrons of the Arts
Church leaders during the Renaissance beautified Rome and other cities by spending huge amounts of money for art. They became patrons of the arts by financially supporting artists. Renaissance merchants and wealthy families also were patrons of the arts
The Renaissance Man
Renaissance writers introduced the idea that all educated people were expected to create art. In fact, the ideal individual strove to master almost every area of study. A man who excelled in many fields was praised as a “universal man.” Later ages called such people “Renaissance men.”
The Renaissance Woman
According to The Courtier, upper-class women also should know the classics and be charming. Yet they were not expected to seek fame. They were expected to inspire art but rarely to create it.
The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art
dozens of artists worked in northern Italy. As the Renaissance advanced, artistic styles changed
Renaissance artists often portrayed religious subjects, but they used a realistic style copied from classical models. Greek and Roman subjects also became popular.
Renaissance painters used the
technique of perspective,
Perspective creates the appearance of three
dimensions. Classical artists had used perspective,
Realistic Painting and Sculpture
Following the new emphasis on individuals, painters began to paint prominent citizens. These realistic portraits revealed what was distinctive about each person. In addition, artists such as the sculptor, poet, architect, and painter Michelangelo (MY•kuhl•AN•juh•LOH) Buonarroti used a realistic style when depicting the human body
Leonardo, Renaissance Man
was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. A true “Renaissance man,” he was interested in how things worked.
Raphael Advances Realism
was younger than Michelangelo and Leonardo. He learned from studying their works. One of Raphael’s favorite subjects was the Madonna and child. Raphael often portrayed their expressions as gentle and calm. He was famous for his use of perspective
Anguissola and Gentileschi
she was one of a few Italian women became notable painters
She was the first woman artist to gain an international reputation She is known for her portraits of her sisters and of prominent people such as King Philip II of Spain
Renaissance Writers Change Literature
Renaissance writers produced works that reflected their time, but they also used
techniques that writers rely on today
Renaissance writers wrote either for self-expression or to portray the individuality of their subjects. In these ways, writers of the Renaissance began trends that modern writers still follow
Petrarch and Boccaccio
was one of the earliest and most influential humanists. Some have called him the father of Renaissance humanism
he wrote sonnets—14-line poems. They were about a mysterious woman named Laura, who was his ideal. (Little is known of Laura except that she died of the plague in 1348.) In classical Latin, he wrote letters to many important friends.
The Italian writer Boccaccio (boh•KAH•chee•oh) is best known for the Decameron, a series of realistic, sometimes off-color stories. The stories are sup-
posedly told by a group of worldly young people waiting in a rural villa to avoid the plague sweeping through Florence
Machiavelli Advises Rulers
also examines the imperfect conduct of human beings
Vittoria Colonna
usually wrote about personal subjects, not politics. Yet, some of them had great influence.
Toward the end of the 15th century, Renaissance ideas
began to spread north from Italy