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Immune System Isabelle Blanco P.5 - Coggle Diagram
Immune System Isabelle Blanco P.5
Major Functions of Lymphatic & Immune Systems
Lymphatic
The removal of excess fluids from body tissues. Absorption of fatty acids and subsequent transport of fat, chyle, to the circulatory system. Production of immune cells
lymphatic system, part of your immune system
Immune
protecting your body from illness-causing invaders, maintaining body fluid levels, absorbing digestive tract fats and removing cellular waste
In the vertebrate body
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Innate(natural) immune defenses
Comprised of different components like epithelial and mucous membrane surfaces; anatomical barriers; epithelial and phagocytes cell enzymes
involves barriers that keep harmful materials from entering your body. These barriers form the first line of defense in the immune response.
Examples of innate immunity include:
Cough reflex, Enzymes in tears and skin oils.,Mucus, which traps bacteria and small particles.
Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
consists of antibodies and lymphocytes, often called the humoral response and the cell mediated response
term 'adaptive' refers to the differentiation of self from non-self, and the tailoring of the response to the particular foreign invader.
Humoral response and cellular response
humoral immune response
Type of immune response in which B cells produce antibodies against antigens in blood and lymph
Lymphocyte (B or T cell) that retains a memory of a specific pathogen after an infection is over and provides immunity to pathogen
Deals with antigens from pathogens that are freely circulating, or outside the infected cells.
Cellular response
Antibodies produced by the B cells will bind to antigens, neutralizing them, or causing lysis or phagocytosis
Cellular immunity occurs inside infected cells and is mediated by T lymphocytes
Anatomy of the lymphatic system
a subsystem of the circulatory system in the vertebrate body
Maintains fluid balance in the body by collecting excess fluid and particulate matter from tissues and depositing them in the bloodstream.
Five Parts of Lymphatic System
Lymph Nodes- are small lumps of tissue that contain white blood cells, which fight infection
Tonsils- are a pair of soft tissue masses located at the rear of the throat (pharynx)
Thymus- Within the thymus, thymus cell lymphocytes or T cells mature
Spleen- fights invading germs in the blood, controls the level of blood cells, and filters the blood and removes any old or damaged red blood cells
Lymphatic Vessels- are thin-walled vessels (tubes) structured like blood vessels, that carry lymph
Antigens and antibodies
antigens
Molecules capable of stimulating an immune response
activates lymphocytes, which are the body's infection-fighting white blood cells.
antifbodies
(immunoglobulins) are Y-shaped proteins produced by B cells of the immune system in response to exposure to antigens.
The 5 types - IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
The antibodies destroy the antigen (pathogen) which is then engulfed and digested by macrophages.
Each antibody contains a paratope which recognizes a specific epitope on an antigen
Cells involved in the immune system
white blood cells
lymphocytes (T-cells, B-cells and NK cells), neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages
B-cells and T-cells
T-cells: can only recognize viral antigens on the outside of infected cells
B-cells: can only identify the surface antigens of the infectious agents themselves
begins in the bone marrow with a hematopoietic (blood-forming) stem cell
both B cells and T cells are involved in triggering the immune response
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Type 1 diabetes. The immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
Rheumatoid arthritis. This type of arthritis causes swelling and deformities of the joints
Lupus. This disease that attacks body tissues, including the lungs, kidneys, and skin.
two types of immunodeficiency disorders: those you are born with (primary), and those that are acquired (secondary).
Anything that weakens your immune system can lead to a secondary immunodeficiency disorder.