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Islam Paper, The Qur'an makes it clear that Allah is eager and ready…

- - - - These prophets ask Allah for forgiveness (Adam in 7:23, Noah in 11:47, Abraham in 14:41, MOses in 28:16 David in 38:24, and Muhammad in 110:3 and 48:2) 41
  - - - Satan was the first one to lead a rebellion against God. This rebellion which is directly tied to his disobedience to God is seen by Muslims as the source and origin of evil. 20
      - Because of this disobedience, God rejected him and cursed him. He is also cast out of the presence of God because of his evil act. 21
    - - God commanded Adam not to eat from a particular tree in the garden (7:19)
      - Adam was the first Khalifa. This office which means leader or ruler paints a picture of Adam as a vice regent of Allah's. Is it not cosmic treason of the highest degree for the vice regent to declare independence of authority from the ultimate ruler? In what situation known to man does this evil act go unpunished? 16
      - Why did they feel shame if this was not an act against God? Why were the cast out of the garden (same action for Satan's crime) if it was not an act of evil against Allah?
      - Some have said that this was not a willful act of disobedience, but that makes no logical sense. In Satan's temptation, he admits that Allah forbade them to eat of this tree. By doing so, even if Satan promised inaccurate promises, they willfully decided not to trust Allah alone.
      - The argument is made that they did not turn from God because Allah sought them out, they did not hide from him. 22 However, that again fails to make sense, because it is acknowledged that they sinned against God, and that they asked for forgiveness. Why? For having turned from God. Just because they are no longer turning from God (a weak argument in itself because the reality is that God found them when he called upon them), doesn't mean that they didn't previously turn from God.
      - 7:23 makes no sense. If they only sinned against themselves, they don't need to ask for forgiveness from a party that they didn't offend.
      - Allah is not just if these sins are not fully punished.
- - - - requires that sin be paid, or paid on one's behalf.
        
        Romans 5:19
  - - - 23.99-104
        
        101 "The Calamity"
        
        99.6-8
    - - Should a judge let a murderer off the hook because that person has done more good in their life than bad? Is that how it works in the law system? (UNDERSTANDING ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY n/A)
        
        Doesn't take into account two important facts
        
        1) Cosmic Treason - treats sin lightly
        
        Answering Islam (source)
        
        refers to Adam and Eve's sin as a "slip." Their repentance was enough to bring out forgiveness though the "slip" that offended the authority of God was never paid for. 42
        
        Isma'il R. Al Faruqi states "Islam teaches that people are born innocent and remain so until each makes him or herself guilty by a guilty deed." 43
        
        Original sin has "no room in the teachings of Islam." 43
        
        "sin- the principal terms for this are Khati'ah, ithm, and dhanb. The last of these occurs thirty-eight time sand refers chiefly to ceremonial offenses. Ithm occurs twenty-nine times and largely in the same sense. Khati'ah occurs only five times. It comes nearest to the idea of sin as a missing of the mark or standard set up by God. The teaching of the Qur'an about sin as such is very sparse." 44
        
        There is a reason for minimizing Adam's sin. Adam is considered to be a prophet and an Apostle. In Islamic though, this is considered a sinless office. 44
        
        Badru Kateregga is quoted as saying "How could God entrust such a high office to an evildoer?" 45
        
        It is said that Muhammad once stated that Satan has touched every person, except for Jesus.
        
        "If God were to punish men for their wrongdoing, He would not leave on this earth a single living creature." 16:61
        
        No sin is small sin. Allah says that as long as one avoids the great sins that he will obliterate smaller sins. (4:31)
        
        2) Doesn't take into account Isaiah 64:6
  - - - Qur'anic forgiveness only necessitates his divine "overlooking" of sin. 78
    - - The unknowability of God is the excuse that makes the magic happen. (78)
        
        This leads to an "ambiguity and obscurity into the divine-human relationship." 78
        
        In an attempt to make this less of an issue, Muslims connect God's forgiveness to his omnipotence and not his mercy. He therefore forgives because essentially, he can do whatever he wants. However, the Qur'an itself refutes this in 6:54 and 24:21 78
    - - The Muslims try to de-emphasize this sin by making it a minor and personal mistake. 98
        
        The five different accounts in the Qur'an of the fall use words that all present their sin as "willful-informed, free and avoidable but for their stubborn determination to rebel." 101
        
        In 2:35 the word "zalim" is used which refers to "evildoers." This act made them evildoers. It comes from the root word "zulm" which is one of the most crucial terms used in the Qur'an to describe evil. 102
        
        Look at the consequences of their sin alienating them from. 1) God spiritually (they are in need of forgiveness 2) socially between them and Satan 3) spatially from the garden. 105
        
        As much as the Muslims try to ignore the doctrine of original sin it's important to note that all three of these consequences apply to the progeny. 105
        
        1) Mankind's universal need for Allah's mercy and forgiveness. (1:6, 3:16, 29:69, 48:1-2,57:23-24, 67:12) Why has prophet after prophet needed to be sent to man if he is inherently good? The only other alternative is to blame God for making man flawed which doesn't compliment 82:6-8 well. 105-106
        
        2) All of humanity has dealt with being at odds with one another. Not only is this something experienced by every person first hand in this life, but we see that even in the Qur'an Adam's children turn to bloodshed as Cain kills Abel. 106
        
        3) All of Adam and Eve's descendants have been kept from the spatial blessing of the Garden (exile). If Adam and Eve weren't representative, why does their punishment pass along to all of their descendants? 106
        
        1 more item...
  - - - The concept of intercession appears 29 times in the Qur'an. 26
        
        Generally the intercession is put in a negative light (2:48, 6:51), however there are other verses that seem to indicate that intercession can take place such as by angels, true witnesses, and those who have made a covenant with Allah. 26
        
        Muhammad has been placed in the true witness category stemming from inference in 47:19, but mostly due to the Hadith. 26
- - - - 7:29-31
    - - Sahih Muslim - Christians for Muslims (161-162)
        
        Here the substitute is one who is already condemned... it misses the mark.
      - Ahadith Qudsi 110 (162-163)
  - - - Downplays the fact that sin is cosmic treason
  - - - The Qur'an teaches that sin is just against oneself and that it can't affect Allah. (2:54 and 57, 3:117, 4:64 and 97 and 110, 7:160) 38
        
        If Allah gives law, then he assumes the position of authority. If his creation refuses to acknowledge that authority, it is rebellion and disrespect to Allah. The lack of seriousness to which the Qur'an teaches about sin, points towards its human origins. If this sin was not against Allah, then why are people separated from him for not following him? If it matters enough to send people to Hell, then the crime is too serious to be overlooked just because one has asked for mercy.
        
        Sin doesn't affect our relationship with others 40
        
        Murder? Stealing? Adultery? How can these go unpunished those of the offended party must wonder.
        
        What authority recognizes rebellion as not being against them and not needing to be dealt wtith? Parents, teachers, government? Even if man only has a relationship of authority with Allah, it is one that has been harmed (creature/creator distinction) and must be dealt with.
      - Sin comes from outside and not within. Man's heart is not evil. 40
      - This can only be true if oneself is the law giver.
- - - - Muslim commentator Yusuf Ali states "Note that the ransom, that is, the commutation of sacrifice, was made not be men, but by God." 253