Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Lymphlmmune System Miranda Mora Casillas p.5 - Coggle Diagram
Lymphlmmune System Miranda Mora Casillas p.5
Major Functions of the Lymphatic & Immune System
Immune system
functions as the body's defense against infectious pathogens
keep pathogens out and attacks those that enter the body
Lymphatic System
return clean fluids & leaked proteins back to the blood
drain excess fluid from tissue
play essential role in body defenses & resistance to diseases
Anatomy of the Lymphatic System
a network of vessels that assist in the circulation of body fluids
Lymphatic vessels
carry lymph: materials returned to blood- water, blood cells, protein
one-way system towards heart
harmful materials destroyed or removed: bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, cell debris
Lymphoid Tissues or organs
Lymphatic Tissue contains lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells
Lymph Nodules:
-compact masses of lymphatic tissues
-Tonsils, appendix, Peyer's Patches
Lymphatic organs: lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
Lymph Nodes
contain lymphocytes and macrophages which clean the lymph
located along lymphatic vessels
major areas- cervical, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
Thymus
located behind the sternum, above the heart, it shrinks in size during lifetime
divided into lobules which contain lymphocytes
T cells mature in the Thymus
Spleen
lies in upper left abdominal cavity & is the body´s largest lymphatic organ.
contains blood not lymph
filters the blood and removes damaged blood cells & bacteria
Bone marrow
site of blood cells & immature lymphocyte formation
B cells mature here.
Tonsils
composed of 3 masses of lymphoid tissue around openings of mouth and throat
subject to chronic infection: enlargement of pharyngeal tonsils may impair breathing
immune defenses
Innate immune defenses
non-specific
respond rapidly
¨born with it¨
include species resistance, mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer cells (NK Cells), inflammation, phagocytes, & fever
Adaptive Immune Defenses
develop slowly
¨body learns¨ during its lifetime
carried out by lymphocytes that recognize a specific invader
Antigens
Cytokines: molecules that signal cells to start an immune response
Chemo-kines: released by infected cells to start an immune response
Lymphocytes: T cells and B cells both reside in lymphatic organs
Immune Responses
Humoral Response
involves B cells
B cell may be activated and produce a clone of cells
Most B cells need helper T cells for activation
Some B cells become plasma cells and produce and secrete antibodies
Cellular Response
Involves T cells
immune response that doesn´t involve antibodies
Activation of phagocytes and t cells
Antigens & Antibodies
Antigens
molecular structure capable of
stimulating an immune response (anything that causes an immune response)
activates lymphocytes (T cells & B cells)
can be entire pathogen or a part of it
Antibodies
aka immunoglobulins
a soluble protein secreted by plasma cells (derived from B cells)
carried by body fluids, capable of binding to antigens
5 major types: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE
Cells involved in the immune system
T Cells
like soldiers that search out and destroy the targeted invaders
system that tailors the body´s immune response to specific pathogens
B Cells
mature in the Bone Marrow
produces antibodies
Natural Killers (NK) cells
secrete cytolytic substances called perforins
they also secrete chemicals that enhance inflammation
Phagocytic cells
cells that protect the body by consuming harmful foreign particles
Helper T cells
type of white blood cell also known as CD4
activates cytotoxic T cells
Cytoxic T cell
also known as CD8
kills cancer cells, cells that are infected, or cells damaged in other way
Plasma Cells
used to be B cells before Humoral immune response
produce and secrete antibodies
Disorders associated with the Immune System
HIV
AIDS
Auto-immune disease
immunodeficiency