Lymphlmmune System Miranda Mora Casillas p.5
Major Functions of the Lymphatic & Immune System
Anatomy of the Lymphatic System
immune defenses
Immune Responses
Innate immune defenses
Adaptive Immune Defenses
Humoral Response
Cellular Response
Antigens & Antibodies
Antigens
Antibodies
Cells involved in the immune system
Disorders associated with the Immune System
HIV
AIDS
aka immunoglobulins
a soluble protein secreted by plasma cells (derived from B cells)
carried by body fluids, capable of binding to antigens
5 major types: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE
molecular structure capable of
stimulating an immune response (anything that causes an immune response)
activates lymphocytes (T cells & B cells)
can be entire pathogen or a part of it
Immune system
Lymphatic System
functions as the body's defense against infectious pathogens
keep pathogens out and attacks those that enter the body
return clean fluids & leaked proteins back to the blood
drain excess fluid from tissue
play essential role in body defenses & resistance to diseases
a network of vessels that assist in the circulation of body fluids
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphoid Tissues or organs
Lymph Nodes
carry lymph: materials returned to blood- water, blood cells, protein
Thymus
Spleen
Bone marrow
Tonsils
one-way system towards heart
harmful materials destroyed or removed: bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, cell debris
Lymphatic Tissue contains lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells
Lymph Nodules:
-compact masses of lymphatic tissues
-Tonsils, appendix, Peyer's Patches
Lymphatic organs: lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
contain lymphocytes and macrophages which clean the lymph
located along lymphatic vessels
major areas- cervical, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
located behind the sternum, above the heart, it shrinks in size during lifetime
divided into lobules which contain lymphocytes
T cells mature in the Thymus
lies in upper left abdominal cavity & is the body´s largest lymphatic organ.
contains blood not lymph
filters the blood and removes damaged blood cells & bacteria
site of blood cells & immature lymphocyte formation
B cells mature here.
composed of 3 masses of lymphoid tissue around openings of mouth and throat
subject to chronic infection: enlargement of pharyngeal tonsils may impair breathing
non-specific
respond rapidly
¨born with it¨
include species resistance, mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer cells (NK Cells), inflammation, phagocytes, & fever
develop slowly
¨body learns¨ during its lifetime
carried out by lymphocytes that recognize a specific invader
Auto-immune disease
immunodeficiency
Antigens
Cytokines: molecules that signal cells to start an immune response
Chemo-kines: released by infected cells to start an immune response
Lymphocytes: T cells and B cells both reside in lymphatic organs
T Cells
B Cells
Natural Killers (NK) cells
Phagocytic cells
involves B cells
Involves T cells
immune response that doesn´t involve antibodies
Activation of phagocytes and t cells
Helper T cells
Cytoxic T cell
B cell may be activated and produce a clone of cells
Most B cells need helper T cells for activation
Some B cells become plasma cells and produce and secrete antibodies
Plasma Cells
used to be B cells before Humoral immune response
produce and secrete antibodies
type of white blood cell also known as CD4
activates cytotoxic T cells
also known as CD8
kills cancer cells, cells that are infected, or cells damaged in other way
cells that protect the body by consuming harmful foreign particles
mature in the Bone Marrow
produces antibodies
like soldiers that search out and destroy the targeted invaders
system that tailors the body´s immune response to specific pathogens
secrete cytolytic substances called perforins
they also secrete chemicals that enhance inflammation