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Topic 1.1 Explains LANs, WANs and The Internet, Protocols used in network…

- - - - Local Area Network ( LAN )
      - Wide Area Network ( WAN )
    - - Wireless LAN ( WLAN )
      - Storage Area Network ( SAN )
      - Metropolitan Area Network ( MAN )
      - Personal Area Network ( PAN )
  - - - is connnecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world via dedicated routers & servers
      - to send & receive all kinds of information
    - - shared content accessed by groups through cross-enterprise boundaries
    - - shared content accessed by members within a single organization
- - - - ADVANTANGES
        
        LESS COMPLEXITY
        
        LOWER COST since network devices & dedicated servers may not be required
        
        Easy to SET UP
        
        can be for SIMPLE TASKs such as transferring files & sharing printers
      - DISADVANTANGES
        
        All devices may act as both clients & servers which can slow their PERFORMANCE
        
        Not as SECURE
        
        Not SCALABLE
        
        No CENTRALIZED administration
    - - to refer to the design of a network in which clients rely on server for resource sharing & process
      - to enable clients to share data, data storage space & devices
      - to use a central computer, known as a server; to facilitate communication & resource sharing between other computers on the network, as known as client
  - - - A client, server, or other device that can communicate over a
        network
      - Identified by a unique number, known as its
        network address.
    - - A specialized device that allows multiple networks or multiple parts of one network to connect and exchange data
    - - a computer that enables resource sharing by other computers on the same network
    - - The part of a network to which segments and significant shared
        devices connect.
      - Sometimes referred as "a network of networks" because of its role in interconnecting smaller parts of a LAN or WAN
    - - the software that runs on a server & enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications & other networking functions
      - Examples : Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2, Mac OS Server, Unix & Linux OS
    - - A part of a network .Usually, a segment is composed of a group.
    - - allow it to communicate with other computers
      - the device inside a computer that connects a computer to the network media
    - - The physical layout of a computer network .Topologies vary according to the needs of the organization and available hardware and expertise
      - Network can be arranged in a ring,bus,or star information,and the star formation.
    - - a personal computer which may / may not be connected to a network
      - most clients are workstation computers
    - - A format for communication between networked devices
    - - have more processing power, memory & hard disk space than clients
      - also can manages users, groups, security & applications on the network
      - manages shared resources
    - - The means through which data are transmitted and received
    - - requests resources or services
        from another computer on a network
      - refer to the human user of a client workstation / to client software installed on the workstation
- - - - provides services to the presentation layer to organize its dialogue and to manage data exchanges
    - - Defines services to segment,transfer,and reassemble the dat
    - - contains protocols used for process-to-process communications
    - - Provides for common representation of the data
    - - provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices.
    - - provides methods for exchanging data frames between devices over a common media
    - - describes the mechanical ,electrical ,functional and procedural means to transmit bits across physical connections
  - - - Represents data to the user, plus encoding and dialog control
    - - Supports communication between diverse devices across diverse networks
    - - Determines the best path through the network
    - - Controls the hardware devices and media that make up the network
  - - - Share similar architecture
      - share a common application layer
      - Both models have comparable transport and network layers
      - Knowledge of both models is required by networking professional
    - - protocol standard
      - combines the presentation and session layer issues into its application layer
      - combines the OSI data link and physical layers into the network access layer
      - a simpler model
- - - - It is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver.
    - - It is the device which receives the data messages.
    - - It is the device which sends the data messages
    - - It is the information to be communicated.
    - - It is a set of rules that governs the data communications.
  - - - Message encoding
      - Message Delivery Options
      - Message Size
      - Message Formatting and Encapsulation
      - Message Timing
  - - - Message source are people, or electronic devices that need to communicate a message to other individuals or devices
    - - The destination receives the message and interprets it.
    - - Provides the pathway over which the message can travel from source to destination