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Notes Chapter 1 Population - Coggle Diagram
Notes Chapter 1 Population
The human population goowth was very slow until 1500
Three hundred years later, the population had doubled to 1 billion
The natural increase or decrease of population depends on the difference between the birth and the death rates
Reasons for high birth rates
Cultural and social Reasons
In countries without a good care services for the elderly and without adequate pension provision, people have children to ensure that they are looked after in their old age
In polygamous societists, a man might have children with more than one wife. One of the most extreme examples of this was the former King Sobhuza of Swaziland, who had 70 wives and 210 children
A desire of a son to carry on the family name is important in many cultures, and parents will keep having more children until a son is born
In many societies girls marry and start giving birth at a young age, so that they produce many children in their lifetimes
In many cultures the greater number of children a man has, the greater is his prestige and standing in society
Religious reasons
Demographic reasons
Reasons for high death rates
They are complex and can change rapidly
Migration
Immigrants
Increase of population
Pull factors
chance of a better education
a better standard of living
Better healt care
family and friends have moved there already
Higher wages than at home
lower levels of crime and safety from conflict
Hope of finding a job
Emigrants
Decrease of population
Push factors
War with another country
Poor educational opportunities
Civil war and lawlessness
Drought and famine
Low wages
Not enough jobs
Poor healt care
Over-population
Under-population
Under-population
Under-population in where there are too few people to use all the resources of a country to maximum efficiency
Example: Australia
Over-population
Over-population is where there are too many people to be supported to a good standard of living by resources of the country
Example: Bangladesh
Problems of rapid population growth
Find difficult to feed everyone
Can't afford to provide enough schools and teachers
Can't afford to provide good basic health care
Population structure
Age-sex pyramids are diagrams designed to show population structure
Three sections
Economically active (from 15 to 64 years old)
Elderly dependents (65 years old and above)
Young dependents (below 15 years of age)
MEDCs and LEDCs
LEDCs
Less Economically Developed Country
MEDCs
More Economically Developed Country
Population density and distribution
Population distribution
It is how the population is spread over an area
Population density
It is calculated by total population devided by area. It is important to remember that it is anaverage for the area and is not spread evenly over it
Variations in dependent populations and standards of living
There are various indicators of standards of living, including GDP per person
ppp
(
purchasing power parity
)
On the other hand, LEDCs have low numbers of elderly dependents but many young dependents instead
The above indicators are highest in MEDCs. However, MEDCs face the costs of dealing with increasing elderly dependency ratios