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Chapter 20 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 20
20.1
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Multicellular fungi
1-Most members of the Kingdom Fungi are multicellular.
2-Appear similar to plants, but do not possess chloroplasts or photosynthesize
Unicellular fungi
1-Yeasts are a type of unicellular fungus.
2-Found in soils, plant surfaces, and the human body
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Chitin: a strong, flexible polysaccharides that is found in the cell wall of all fungi and in the exoskeleton of insects and crustanceas
Hyphae:
1-Fungi are composed of long chains of cells called hyphae.
2-Hyphae grow at their tips and branch repeatedly to form a netlike mass called a mycelium.
Cross walls:
1-Hyphae can be divided into cells by cross walls called septa.
2-Septa have large pores to allow nutrients, cytoplasm, and organelles to flow between cells.
3-Some fungi are aseptate, meaning they have no septa.
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Reproduction in Fungi:
1-Fungi are classified by their structures and patterns of reproduction.
2-They can reproduce asexually and sexually.
3-Asexual reproduction in fungi includes budding, fragmentation, and spore reproduction.
4-Sexual reproduction involves fungi producing spores.
Budding:
1-Reproduction method of unicellular fungi such as yeast
2-New cell develops while attached to the parent cell
3-The plasma membrane pinches off to partially separate the new cell from the parent cell.
Fragmentation:
1-Asexual reproduction that occurs when the mycelium of a fungus is physically broken apart.
2-If a fragment lands in a location with suitable growing conditions, the hyphae will grow into a new mycelia.
Spore production:
1-Most fungi are able to reproduce sexually and asexually through spore production.
2-A spore is a haploid reproductive cell
3-Spores develop into a new haploid organism
4-Haploid hyphae can fuse with other hyphae to form diploid organisms.
20.2
zygomycota(common molds)
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Form specialized hyphae called stolons, which grow across the surface of food.
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ascomycota (sac fungi)
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saprophytic, parasitic, or mutualistic
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20.3
A lichen is a symbiotic relationship between a fungus (almost ascomycetes or basidiomycetes ) and photosynthetic partner ( Algae or cyanobacterium)
The fungus provides structure and habitat for the photosynthetic partner, which provides food.
Lichens
Very diverse – over 25,000 species
Found in harsh environments as they need only light, air, and minerals to grow.
Lichens serve as pioneer species in new areas (because they can grow with little or no soil), conditioning the soil to allow new plants to grow.
Lichens are especially sensitive to airborne pollutants.
Lichens serve as important bioindicators of air quality, meaning they are living organisms sensitive and responsive to changes in the environment.
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Beneficial fungi
Fungi have many medical uses, and are used for antibiotics, to relieve high blood pressure, to control bleeding, to treat migraines, and to reduce organ rejection after transplantation.
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Fungi are also used in bioremediation, where they decompose pollutants in soil or water.
Harmful fungi
Athlete’s foot, ringworm, yeast infections, and oral thrush are infections in humans that are caused by fungi.
Fungi can parasitize humans and other living organisms, including agricultural crops.
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