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Physics - P5 Revision (Lesson 1 to 8) - Coggle Diagram
Physics - P5 Revision
(Lesson 1 to 8)
L1 - Scalar and Vector Quantities
A scalar quantity is a quantity with only magnitude. Examples include mass, speed and energy.
A vector quantity is a quantity with both direction and magnitude. Examples include force, velocity and displacement.
We can portray vectors as arrows on a grid, the direction of the vector is the direction of the particular quantity, the size of the vector indicates its magnitude.
L2 -Types of Forces
Forces are either contact or non-contact, examples of contact forces include friction, tension and air resistance. Examples of non-contact forces include electrostatic attraction, magnetic attraction and gravitational attraction.
Newtons's third law states that for every force applied to an object there is an force equal in size and types but opposite in direction acting on it. These force are typically represented as vectors.
L3 - Calculating Resultant Forces
A resultant force is the sum of all forces acting on an object. If these forces sum to zero and the object is stationary, the object can be deemed 'in equilibrium'.
An increase in a certain force can result in an object accelerating in a direction.
If a moving object has a total resultant force of zero, it will move at a constant speed, in a constant direction.
L4 - Mass and Weight
Weight [Newtons] = Mass [Kilograms] x Gravitational Field Strength [N/kg]
Mass is a measure of how much physical matter makes up an object, weight is the effect of a body's gravitational field strength with respect to the mass of the object.
An objects centre of gravity/mass is the point at which the weight of an object acts.
L5 - Work Done
Work done is when energy is transferred from one energy store to another.
Work Done [Joules] = Force [Newtons] x Displacement [Metres]
Calculating Work Done:
1) Measure the length of the board
2) Place the mass onto the newtonmeter
3) Drag the mass along the length of the board and record the reading on the newtonmeter.
4) Repeat for the different surfaces.
5) Complete your table by using Work Done = Force x displacement
L6 - Hooke's Law
Force [Newtons] = Spring Constant [N/m] x Extension [Meters]
L7 - Hooke's Law Required Practical
Method
:
1) Secure a clamp stand to the surface that you are working on, use a G clamp to prevent the stand from falling.
2) Use bosses to attach two clamps to the clamp stand.
3) Attach a spring to the top clamp and a ruler to the bottom clamp.
4) Make sure that the ruler is completely vertical, with its zero level at the top of the spring.
5) Measure the regular length of the spring (without any additional force being applied).
6) Hang your first weight on the mass carrier (this could be a 100g weight), then measure length of the extended spring and subtract the original length to find the extension.
7) Repeat step 6 until the spring's elastic limit has been surpassed (inelastic deformation has taken place).
Hazards
:
Equipment may fall off table (stand up and use a g clamp to secure the stand)
Spring may recoil (wear eyewear and stand far back after applying force to the spring)
Results
:
For the most part, a directly proportional relationship should be observed in relation to the extension of a spring and the force applied to the spring. A curve should also be observed however, this indicates the point at which the spring has surpassed its elastic limit.
L8 - Calculating Elastic Potential
Elastic Potential Energy[Joules] = 0.5 x Spring Constant[N/m] x (Extension[Meters] x Extension[Meters])