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The Immune System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Examples
        
        – Rheumatoid arthritis: destroys joints
        
        – Myasthenia gravis: impairs nerve-muscle connections
        
        – Multiple sclerosis: destroys white matter myelin
- - - - Two identical heavy (H) chains with hinge region at “middles”
        Two identical light (L) chains
      - Overall T- or Y-shaped antibody monomer consists of four looping polypeptide
        chains linked by disulfide bonds
      - Five major classes: IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, and IgE
    - - Neutralization, Agglutination, Precipitation, Complement fixation
  - - - Can be a complete antigen or hapten (incomplete)
      - Contain antigentic determinants
      - Can be a self-antigen
- - - - Phagocytes
        – Natural killer (NK) cells
  - - - Enzymes
      - Mucin
      - Acid
- - - - Cleanses blood and removes aged or defective red blood cells
      - Stores platelets, monocytes, and proliferation
      - SIte for lymphocyte activation and proliferation
    - - lymphoid follicles in the mucus membrane that lines your small intestine
      - similar to lymph nodes
    - - stop germs entering the body through the mouth or the nose.
      - contain a lot of white blood cells
      - lymphoid tissue aggregates situated near the entrance of the digestive and respiratory tracts
    - - function as a lymphoid organ, assisting with the maturation of B lymphocytes and in the production of the class of antibodies known as immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies
    - - Site for lymphocyte activation and proliferation
      - Cleanse Lymph
- - - - Some T cells directly kill cells; others release chemicals that regulate immune response
      - T cells are more complex than B cells both in classification and function
      - Two populations of T cells
        
        CD8 cells
        
        become cytotoxic T cells
        
        Also become memory T cells
        
        CD4 cells
        
        y become helper T cells (TH) that can activate B cells, other T
        cells, and macrophages; direct adaptive immune response
        
        Some become regulatory T cells, which moderate immune response
      - T cells provide defense against intracellular antigens
  - - - occurs when B cells encounter antigens and produce
        specific antibodies against them
      - Artificially acquired
      - Naturally acquired
    - - occurs when ready-made antibodies are introduced into
        body
      - Artificially acquired
      - Naturally acquired:
      - B cells are not challenged by antigens; Immunological memory does not occur