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Lymph immune System - Joanna Barrios- Period:1 - Coggle Diagram
Lymph immune System - Joanna Barrios- Period:1
Major Functions of Lympathic & Immune System
Lympathic System
Protects your body against foreign invaders since it is part of the immune system it produces and releases lymphocytes and other immune cells that monitor and then destroy the foreign invaders.
Transports and removes waste products and abnormal cells from the lymph.
Absorbs fats from the digestive tract
Maintains fluid levels in your body, it collects excess fluid that drains from cells and tissue throughout the body and returns it to the bloodstream.
Immune System
fights pathogens which are disease causing germs like bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi, and removes them from the body.
recognizes and neutralizes harmful substances from the environment
fights disease causing changes in the body like cancer cells.
The immune system is a complex network of cells and proteins that defends the body against infection.
Keeps a record of every microbe it has ever defeated so it can recognize and destroy the microbe quickly if it enters the body again.
Antigens and antibodies
Antigens
Antigens-substances that can mobilize adaptive defenses and provoke an immune response
Targets of all adaptive immune responses
large, complex molecules not normally found in body
Self-antigens - all cells are covered with variety of proteins located on surface that are not antigenic to self, but may be antigenic to others in transfusions or grafts
An antigen is any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it.
Antibodies
Five major classes of antibodies - IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, and IgE
Antibodies go after extracellular pathogens; they do not invade solid tissue unless lesion is present
Antibodies (Immunoglobulins) - proteins secreted by plasma cells
Antibodies do not destroy antigens; they prepare them for destruction by innate defenses
Defensive mechanisms used by antibodies - Neutralization, Agglutination, Precipitation, Complement fixation
Disorders associated with the Immune System
Autoimmune diseases
results when immune system loses ability to distinguish self from foreign
Myasthenia gravis - impairs nerve-muscle connections
Multiple sclerosis - destroys white matter myelin
Glomerulonephritis - damages kidney
Systemic lupus erythematosus - affects multiple organs
Rheumatoid arthritis - destroys joints
immunodeficiencies
Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome - genetic defect with marked deficit in B and T cells, Defective adenosine deaminase enzyme allows accumulation of metabolites lethal to T cells; fatal if untreated
immunodeficiency - congenital or acquired conditions that impair function or production of immune cells or molecules
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Hodgkin’s disease - causes cancer of B cells, which depresses lymph node cells and leads to immunodeficiency
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - cripples immune system by interfering with activity of helper T cells
Cells involved in the immune system
Lymphocytes
Cytotoxic T-cells - mature in the thymus and are responsible for killing infected cells
B-cells - arise in the bone marrow and differentiate into plasma cells which in turn produce antibodies
Helper T-cells - help other T-cells and B-cells to perform their functions.
Natural Killer cells - serve to contain viral infections while the adaptive immune response generates antigen specific cytotoxic T cells that can clear an infection
other white blood cells
Neutrophils - found in the blood stream and rapidly ingests microorganisms and kills them
Monocytes - A type of phagocytic cell found in the blood stream which develops into a macrophage when it migrates to tissues.
Macrophages - specialized cells involved in the detection, phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms
miscellaneous cells
Platelets - Small cells in the blood stream which are important in blood clotting.
Red Blood Cells - cells in the blood stream which carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
Dendritic Cells - Important cells in presenting antigen to immune system cells.
Humoral response & cellular response
Humoral response
antibody-mediated immunity
deals with antigens from pathogens that are freely circulating, or outside the infected cells
Antibodies produced by B cells bind to antigens, neutralizing them, or causing lysis or phagocytosis.
helper T cells help B cells differentiate into plasma B cells that can produce antibodies against a specific antigen.
Cellular response
Lymphocytes act against target cell
Responds directly by killing infected cells
occurs inside infected cells and is mediated by T lymphocytes
responds Indirectly by releasing chemicals that enhance inflammatory response; or activating other lymphocytes or macrophages
Anatomy of lympathic system
lympathic organs
Spleen - located on the left side under the ribs and above the stomach. The spleen filters and stores blood and produces white blood cells that fight infection or disease.
Thymus - located in the upper chest beneath the breast bone. It matures a specific type of white blood cell that fights off foreign organisms.
Tonsils - trap pathogens from the food you eat and air you breathe.
Bone marrow - soft, spongy tissue in the center of certain bones, white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets are made in the bone marrow.
Peyer’s patches - small masses of lymphatic tissue in the mucous membrane that lines your small intestine, they monitor and destroy bacteria in the intestines.
Appendix - contains lymphoid tissue that can destroy bacteria before it breaches the intestine wall during absorption.
other parts
Lymph - a collection of the extra fluid that drains from cells and tissues.
Lymph nodes - glands that monitor and cleanse the lymphatic fluid as it filters through them. The nodes filter out the damaged cells and cancer cells.
Lymphatic vessels - the network of capillaries and large network of tubes located throughout the body that transport lymphatic fliud away from tissues.
Innate & Adaptive immune defenses
Adaptive (specific) defenses
Third line of defense attacks particular foreign substances
Humoral Immunity - recognizes antigen or any foreign particle and produces antibodies against it.
Cellular Immunity - secretes cytokines and no antibodies to attack the pathogens.
Innate (nonspecific) defenses
1st line of defense - skin barriers like external body membranes (skin and mucosae)
first and second lines of defense
2nd line of defense - internal defenses like antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other cells
1st line of defense
Keratin is resistant to weak acids and bases, bacterial enzymes, and toxins
Skin and mucous membranes produce protective chemicals that inhibit or destroy microorganisms
2nd line of defense
recognizes and binds tightly to structures on microbes, disarming them before they do harm
Phagocytes - white blood cells that ingest and digest foreign invaders
Natural Killer (NK) Cells- Attack cells that lack “self” cell-surface receptors
inflammation - Prevents spread of damaging agents, disposes of cell debris and pathogens, alerts adaptive immune system, sets the stage for repair