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Salem Ceja Lymph Immune System Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Salem Ceja Lymph Immune System Period 1
Anatomy of Immune System
Primary Lymphatic Organs
Thymus: (T) cell matures here. Located in upper chest.
Bone Marrow: (B) cell mature here. Spongy inside part of bone.
Secondary Lymphatic Organs
Lymph Node: Lymphocyte activate and proliferate
Cleans lymph
Spleen: Reservoir for blood, produces WBC's. Removes defective RBC's. Stores platelets.
Tonsils: Prevents pathogens from traveling further in the body from food and air. Located in mouth.
Peyer's Patches: Monitor and destroy bacteria in intestines. Lymph tissue is mucous membrane.
Appendix: Destroys bacteria before breaching intestines using lymphoid tissue.
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue: Prevent pathogens from entering mucous membrane.
Lymph: Fluid that drains from cells and tissues.
Lymphatic vessels: Network of capillaries and tubes throughout the body that carry lymphatic fluid away from tissues.
Function of Lympathic/Immune System
Lymph System
Carries extra fluid that drain from cells and tissue from, body to bloodstream to maintain normalfluid levels.
Absorb fat from digestion tract
Protect against foreign invaders by producing and releasing lymphocytes + immune cells that monitor then destroy them
Carry + removes waste products/abnormal cells from lymph.
Immune System
Defend against infection
Fights and remove pathogens (disease causing germs: fungi, viruses, parasites, etc.)
Memorizes destroyed microbes to and destroy it quicker if enters the body again.
Defend against changes in the body like cancer cells that cause disease.
Innate + Adaptive Immune System
Innate Defense
First line of defense
Skin + mucous membranes make defensive chemicals that allow or kill microorganisms
Skin has keratin that protects against bacteria, toxins, and weak acids/bases,
Second line of defense
Binds to antigen on microbes through recognition and deactive them before they do harm.
Contain phagocytes that make WBC that eat foreign invaders and present them to other cells.
Have natural killer cells that kill cells that don't have “self” cell-surface receptors
Inflammatory response keeps damaging agents to one area, gets rid of debris pathogens, initiates repair, and alerts the immune system.
Adaptive Defense
Third line, attacks specific foreign substances
Humoral Immunity produces antibodies against any recognized antigen or foreign substances.
Cellular Immunity attack pathogens with produce cytokines
Humoral Response and Cellular Response
Humoral
Mediated by antibodies
Produce specific antibodies against antigens through Helper T cells that assist B cells to discern to plasma B cells
Freely circulating pathogens outside of cells are defended against.
Antibodies that are produced from B cells bind to antigens, and neutralize them or cause phagocytosis.
Cellular
Mediated by T lymphocytes
Defends within infected cells
Lymphocytes response directly to infected cell by killing it.
Indirect response by releasing chemicals that further an inflammatory response or activating other lymphocytes or macrophages.
Disorders of Immune System
Autoimmune
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Destroys the joints on bones
Myasthenia Gravis: Weakens the connection from nerve to muscles
Grave's Disease: Anxiety, hand tremor, heat sensitivity, puffy eyes caused by defective thyroid.
Diabetes Mellitus: Attack on pancreatic cells causes deficient insulin. Symptoms include thirst, fatigue, urination.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Immune system attacks own tissues on multiple organs. Causes fever, join point, and rashes.
Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation on Glomeruli, which leads to kidney failure
Immunodeficiencies
Immunodeficiency: congenital or acquired that impair function or production of immune cells leading to weak defenses against sickness
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Helper T cells are compromised which cripples entire immune system.
Hodgkin's Disease-: Cancer of B cell, lymph nodes are compromised. Limits the bodies ability to fight infection
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCID): Hereditary defect marked in B and T cells, causes infection, pneumonia, and meningitis.
Pus: Yellow mixture of dead neutrophils, tissue, and pathogens
Abscess: Sac of pus where collagen fibers are laid down.
Cells Involved in Immune System
Phagocyte: WBC ingest and digest foreign invaders.
Macrophages: Eat and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and presents antigens to Cytokines, which activated other cells.
Neutrophils: Protect against infection and make up 40-60 percent of WBC's in body.
Natural Killer: Contain and control viral infection while the adaptive immune produces Cytotoxic T-Cells that clear it.
B Cells
Plasma: Activated by T cells during infection/inflammation to produce antibodies until it is neutralized
Memory B Cell: Cells that remain within the body and allow a quicker response to future infections.
B Lymphocyte: : Antibody molecules, bind to and destroy invasive viruses or bacteria by producing immunoglobin.
CD4
Helper T Cell: IMPORTANT Activate B cells to secrete antibodies + macrophages to destroy ingested microbes. Activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.
Regulatory T Cell: Secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines to regulate immune function.
Memory T cell: developed after exposure and recognition of a particular antigen for quick protection when it comes again
CD8
Cytotoxic Cell: Kill infected cells, cancer cells, and transplanted cells that bear a specific antigen
Memory T cell: developed after exposure and recognition of a particular antigen for quick protection when it comes again
Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens
Any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against harmful substances in the blood stream.
Antibodies
IgG: Most abundant. Detoxifies harmful substances. Recognizes antigen-antibody complexes by leukocytes and macrophages.
IgE: Involved in the process of an allergic reaction.
IgM: Activates cell signaling pathways by binding to the cell surface receptor,
IgA: In serum, nasal mucus, saliva, breast milk, and intestinal fluid. Protects the gastrointestinal tract of neonates from pathogens.
IgD: Accounts for less than one percent of immunoglobins. Unknown function.