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Emily Saldivar- P.1 LymphImmune System - Coggle Diagram
Emily Saldivar- P.1 LymphImmune System
Anatomy of the Lymphatic System
Primary Lymphoid Organs
Thymus- site of T cell maturation
Red Bone Marrow- site of B cell maturation
Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Lymph Nodes- cleans lymph and is site for lymphocyte activation and proliferation
Spleen- cleans blood + removes defective red blood cells, site for activation & proliferation, and stores platelets, monocytes and iron
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)- prevent pathogens from penetrating mucous membrane & site for activation and proliferation
Appendix
Tonsils
Disorders associated with the Immune System
Pus- creamy yellow mixture of dead neutrophils, tissue, and living + dead pathogens
Abscess- collagen fibers laid down, walling a sac of pus that may need to be surgically drained
Autoimmune Diseases
Rheumatoid Arthritis- destroys joints
Myasthenia Gravis- impairs nerve to muscle connections
Grave's Disease- hyperthyroidism
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus- destroys pancreatic cells
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus- immune disorder affecting multiple organs
Glomerulonephritis- damages kidney
Immunodeficiencies
Immunodeficiency- congenital or acquired conditions that impair function or production of immune cells
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCID)- genetic defect with marked deficit in B & T cells
Hodgkin's Disease- causes cancer of B cells and depresses lymph node cells
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)- cripples immune system by messing with Helper T Cell activity
Major Functions of the Lymphatic & Immune Systems
Immune System
lines of defense that provide resistance to disease
Lymphatic System
returns leaked fluid from vascular system back into the blood
structural basis for immune system
help body's defense and resistance to disease
Antigens & Antibodies
Humoral Response + Cellular Response
Innate (natural) immune defenses & Adaptive (acquired) immune defenses
Innate Defense System
1st Line- external body membranes
skin & mucous membranes- physical barrier, keratin resistant, and have chemicals that destroy microorganisms
Acid- acidity of skin & might inhibit growth, called acid mantle
Enzymes-in saliva, respiratory mucus & lacrimal fluids and kill many microorganisms
Mucin- sticky mucus that lines digestive + respiratory tract & traps microorganisms
2nd Line- Cells & Chemicals
necessary if microorganisms invade deeper tissues
Phagocytes- white blood cells that ingest + digest foreign invaders
Neutrophils- most abundant, die fighting, and become phagocytic when exposed to invader
Macrophages- develop from monocytes & are the main phagocytic cells
Antimicrobial Proteins (interferons & complement proteins)
Natural Killer Cells- non-phagocytic lymphocytes that patrol the blood & lymph. Can induce apoptosis in cancer & virus infected cells + secrete chemicals to trigger inflammatory response
Fever
Inflammation- triggered when tissues are injured, disposes of cell debris + pathogens & prevents spread of damaging agents
Stages of Inflammation
Inflammatory Chemical Release- chemicals released into ECF by injured tissue or immune cells
Vasodilation & Increased Vascular Permeability- causes vasodilation of local arterioles, make capillaries leaky & attract phagocytes to area
Phagocyte Mobilization- when neutrophils flood the area first & macrophages follow
Adaptive Defense System
specific defense system that eliminates almost any pathogen or abnormal cell in the body
Humoral Immunity
antibodies circulate in body fluids
bind temporarily to target cell
marks for destruction
Cellular Immunity
lymphocytes act against target cell
directly- by killing infected cells
indirectly- by releasing chemicals or activating lymphocytes or macrophages
Cells involved in the Immune System