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DFC20143-TOPIC 1, Computer Network Definition, Topic 1.1.3, How LANs and…

- - - - Transport
      - Network
      - Session
      - Data Link
      - Presentation
      - Physical
      - Application
    - - TRANSPORT
      - INTERNET
      - APPLICATION
      - NETWORK ACCESS
  - - - Local Area Network (LAN)
        
        Wide Area Network(WAN)
        
        Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)
        
        Wireless LAN(WLAN)
        
        Storage Area Network (SAN)
        
        Personal Area Network(PAN)
      - INTERNET
        
        INTRANETS
        
        EXTRANETS
- - - - Network Protocols:Networking protocols define a
        common format and set of rules for exchanging messages between devices.Some common networking protocols are Hypertext.
        
        The role of protocols:
        1)How the message is formatted or structured
        2)The process by which networking devices share information about
        pathways with other networks
        
        Protocol Suites and Industry Standards
        A protocol suite is a set of protocols that work together to provide comprehensive network communication services.
        The TCP/IP protocol suite is an
        open standard, the protocols are
        freely available, and any vendor is
        able to implement these protocols on their hardware or in
        their software.
        
        TCP/IP Communication
        Process When sending data from a web
        server to a client the encapsulation
        procedure would be as follows:
        ◦ The webserver prepares the
        Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
        page.The HTTP application layer
        protocol sends
        
        Protocol Interaction
        ◦ HTTP - an application protocol that
        governs the way a web server and a
        web client interact.
        TCP - transport protocol that manages the individual conversations.
        ◦ IP – encapsulates the TCP segments
        into packets,
        
        Development of TCP/IP
        Advanced Research Projects
        Agency Network (ARPANET) was
        the predecessor to today’s
        Internet.
    - - (Relationship Between the Five Components)Transmiter->Receiver->Medium->Message->Protocol
    - - Message - It is the information to be communicated.
        
        Sender - It is the device which sends the data messages.
        
        Receiver - It is the device which receives the data messages.
        
        Transmission Medium - It is the physical path by which a message travels from
        sender to receiver.
        
        Protocol - It is a set of rules that governs the data communications. It
        represents an agreement between the communicating devices.
    - - Protocols are necessary for effective communication and include:
        ◦ An identified sender and receiver
        ◦ Common language and grammar
        Protocols used in network communications also define:
        ◦ Message encoding
        ◦ Message delivery options