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The immune and lymphatic system Caden Maust P.6 - Coggle Diagram
The immune and lymphatic system Caden Maust P.6
major functions of the Lymphatic and Immune system
immune system
Functions to defend the body against infectious pathogens
Functions to keep invading pathogens out,
Functions to attack those pathogens that make their way into the body.
Lymphatic system
Returns clean fluids and leaked proteins back to the blood.
drains excess fluid from tissues of the body.
Plays a big role in body defenses and disease resistance.
The anatomy of the Lymphatic system
has a large network of vessels that aid in aid in the movement of body fluids.
Lymphatic vessels collect and carry away excess fluid from interstitial spaces and other vessels called lacteals that help transport fats to the circulatory system.
The different parts of the Lymphatic system such as the organs vessels and biochemicals aid in defense of the body.
innate defenses and adaptive immune defenses
innate (non specific) defenses
species resistance: A species that is naturally resistant to diseases.
Mechanical barriers: These arte the first line of defense in the immune system. These are skin, mucous, hair, and sweat.
chemical barriers: These are acidic areas, stimulation of inflation, and interferons which are hormones like peptides that serves as antiviral substances.
natural killer cells: A lymphocyte that defends of the body against viruses and cancer cells.
Inflamation: a tissue response to a pathogen that makes the skin red and swollen.
Phagocytosis: These phagocytes are attracted to an injured area. Neutrophilis engulfs smaller particles while monocytes attack larger ones. 3rd line of defense.
Adaptive (specific) defenses
antigens: Proteins that can trigger an immune response. An inventory of small and large molecules that fight specific diseases.
cytokines: Molecules that signal cells. They are used for communication with other cells to start an immune response.
Chemokines: They are released by infected cells to start an immune response.
Lymphocytes: Lymphocytes that are released into the circulatory system from red marrow during development.
Humoral vs cellular response
Humoral
It is an antibody mediated response.
It happens when a foreign material also known as antigens are identified within the body.
This response is driven mostly by the B cells.
Cellular
This is an adaptive type of immunity.
This response is driven mostly by T cells and also macrophages. It also It also releases cytokines in order to identify pathogens.
Antigens and antibodies
Antigens
These are proteins, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycosides that can trigger and immune response.
Generally larger and much more complex than other molecules.
They can be the whole pathogen or just part of it.
Antibodies
large Y shaped protein used by the immune system.
They neutralize and identify pathogens within the body.
They are carried by body fluids and can bind to specific antigens.
Cells involved in the immune system
Natural killer cells
A type of lymphocyte that defends the body against viruses and cancer cells.
It secretes cytolic substances called perofine.
Cytotoxic T cell
They patrol the body cells and recognize tumor and infected cells, eliminating them.
They bind to antigen bearing cells and secrete perforin destroying them.
Memory T cells
They provide a no delay response to any future exposure to the same antigens.
B cells
A lymphocyte that handles the humoral immunity part of the adaptive immune system.
These cells create antibodies.
T cells
These are the cells that handle the cellular immunity of the immune system.
They focus on specific particles; es rather than any antigen bearing cells.
Disorders of the immune system
HIV
This is known as human immunodeficiency virus.
Once you are infected with this there is no cure but you may not even know you have it.
Can and very likely will develop in to AIDS.
Can be transmitted through sex, breastmilk, blood transfusion, and needles.
AIDS
This is Acuired immune deficiency syndrome.
The virus kills more and more cells until the body can't fight off common infections.
Diagnosed when your white blood cell count goes below 200 cells /mm 3.
Symptoms are weight loss, chronic diarrhea, and prolonged fever.
Autoimmunity
When the body creates antibodies that act out against its own antigens.
Tissue rejection
When the immune system reacts with foreign antigens of a transplant recipeinets tissue.