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Lymph Immune System, Ryan Chu period 5 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Innate Defense
      - Adaptive Defense
- - - - Tonsils
        
        Located in back and sides of throat and in nasal cavities
      - Peyer's patches
        
        Located in small intestine
      - Appendix
        
        Located below the colon
  - - - Reticular Connective Tissue
    - - Reticular Connective tissue
    - - Reticular Connective tissue
    - - Epithelial Tissue
- - - - Skin & Mucous Membranes
        
        Block all pathogens from entering
        
        Acidity of skin inhibits growth
        
        Enzymes kill microorganisms
        
        Mucin traps microorganisms
    - - Phagocytes
        
        White blood cells that engulf and digest foreign invaders
        
        Macrophages
        
        Chief phagocytic cell
        
        Most robust
        
        Neutrophils
        
        Most abundant phagocyte
        
        Become phagocytic on exposure to infectious material
      - Fever
      - Inflammatory Response
        
        Symptoms are redness, heat, swelling, & pain
      - Antimicrobial proteins
      - Natural Killer Cells
        
        Nonphagocytic; lymphocytes that police blood & lymph
        
        Can kill cancer and virus infected cells before adaptive immune system
        
        Attack cells that lack "self" cell-surface antigen
        
        Kill by inducing apoptosis in cancer & virus infected cells
        
        Secrete potent chemicals that enhance inflammatory response
- - - - Renders pathogen harmless
      - Marks for destruction
- - - - In charge of producing antibodies
      - Limited life span
    - - Remembers antigen of pathogen
      - Increases speed of immune response
      - Survives from months to years
  - - - Activate both humoral and cellular arms
      - Help activate B cells and other T cells
      - Mature from CD4 cells
      - Induce T & B cell proliferation
      - Secrete cytokines that recruit other immune cells
    - - Release chemicals to kill infected cell
      - Mature from CD8 cells
      - Directly attack and kill other cells
      - Activated cells circulate in blood & lymph & lymphoid organs
      - Target virus-infected cells, cells with intracellular bacteria or infections, cancer cells, foreign cells
    - - Important in preventing autoimmune reactions
  - - - Found in connective tissue and epidermis
      - Acts as mobile sentinels of boundary tissues
      - Phagocytize pathogens that enter tissue, then enter lymphatics to present antigens to T cells in lymph node
      - Most effective APC
      - Key link between innate & adaptive immunity
    - - Widely distributed in connective tissue & lymphoid organs
      - Presents antigens to T cells, activates other T cells and also further activates macrophages
      - Activated macrophages become phagocytic killers
      - Also trigger powerful inflammatory response and recruits more macrophages
    - - Don't activate naive T cells
      - Present antigens to helper T cells to assist their own activation
  - - - Chief phagocytic cell
      - Most robust
    - - Most abundant phagocyte
      - Become phagocytic on exposure to infectious material
- - - - Acquired immunodeficiency that causes cancer at B cells, depresses lymph node cells and thus leads to immunodeficiencies
    - - Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
        
        Destroys helper T cells, depressing cellular immunity
        
        Characterized by severe weight loss, night sweats, and swollen lymph nodes
        
        Transmitted via body fluids: blood, semen, and vaginal secretions
  - - - Production of auto-antibodies and sensitized cytotoxic T cells that destroy body cells