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Diabetes mellitus, Or - Coggle Diagram
Diabetes mellitus
1.Definition
Disorder of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
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2.Pathopysiology
- Incsrease of blood glucose level (Hyperglycemia)
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- Glucose in urine yields increased urine output (Polyuria)
- Polyuria causes dehydration.
- Dehydration results in thirst (Polydipsia).
- Appetite stimulated by lack of nutrient in the cell (Polyphagia)
6.Chronic complication
1) Vascular problems
Microangiopathy : Blockage or rupture of small capillaries/ arteries. ex) Tissue necrosis, retinopathy, nephropathy
Associated with large arteries --> Increased lipid level resulting in heart attacks, strokes, ulcers on feet and legs
Peripheral neuropathy : ischemia causing impaired sensation ex) tingling, numbness
2) Infections
UTI, Fungal infections, Gingivitis
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5.Acute complication
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) : More common in type 1 diabetes caused by insufficient insulin, high blood glucose levels (S&S : dehydration, lethargy, Metabolic acidosis)
Hypoglycemia : Caused by excess intake of oral hypoglycemic drugs (ex) tremors, pale, moist skin, LOC
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketosis(HHNK) : In type 2 diabetes, needs more insulin than anticipated (S&S : severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalances)
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10.Health teaching
Exercise regularly, maintain a healthy diet, adhere to medication regimen, avoid alcohol consumption, self-check blood glucose level regularly
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