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Immune System Alejandra Mendez Period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Immune System Alejandra Mendez Period 5
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune System
Protects our body against foreign organisms.
Battle infection
Maintains homeostasis by eliminating damaged cells
Fluids levels in our body tissues by removing all fluids that leak out of our blood vessels
body's defense against infectious pathogens keeps pathogens out and attack those that do enter the body
Drain excess fluid from tissue
play an essential role in body defenses and resistance to diseases
Anatomy of the lymphatic system
Lymphatic organs
Lymph nodes
contains lymphocytes and macrophages
located along lymphatic vessels
are bean-shaped, with blood vessels, nerves, and efferent lymphatic vessels attached
Thymus
located behind the sternum, above the heart
shrinks in size during the lifetime
lobules contain lymphocytes, which mature into T lymphocytes that leave thymus to provide immunity
Spleen
lies in the upper left abdominal cavity and is the body largest lymphatic
resembles a large lymph node except that is contains blood instead of lymph
Lymphatic nodule
compact masses of lymphatic tissues
Tonsils, appendix, Peyer's patches
Humoral response and cellular response
Humoral immune response
B cells produce antibodies against antigens in blood and lymph.
Mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids
It involves substances found in the humors or body fluids.
Cell-mediated response
does not involve antibodies
the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen
Antigen and antibodies
Antigen
Any substance that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies
Can be bacteria, viruses, or fungi that cause infection and disease
Antibodies
Y-shaped molecules with proteins
Proteins manufactured by the body that help fight against foreign substances
Cells involved in the immune system
T-cell
a lymphocyte of a type produced or processed by the thymus gland and actively participating in the immune response.
B-cell
a lymphocyte not processed by the thymus gland, and responsible for producing antibodies.
Macrophages
a large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, especially at sites of infection
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Type 1 Diabetes
Immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that make insulin
Lupus
This disease attacks body tissues, including the lungs, kidneys, and skin.
Rheumatoid arthritis
This type of arthritis causes swelling and deformities of the joints.
Immunodeficiency
Naturally acquired active immunity
Occurs after exposure to the antigen itself
Artificially acquired active immunity
Occurs through the use of vaccines, without the person becoming ill from the disease
Naturally acquired passive immunity
occurs as antibodies are passed from mother to fetus and is short-lived.
Artificially acquired passive immunity
involves the injection of gamma globulin containing antibodies (antiserum) and is short-lived.