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The Nervous System: the network of nerve cells and fibers which transmits…
The Nervous System: the network of nerve cells and fibers which transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body
The Central Nervous System: the brain & spinal cord. Brain receives sensory information and spinal cord conducts signals to and from the brain (controls reflexes)
Brain: the functioning coordinating center of sensation, intellectual, and nervous activity
Diencephalon
Thalamus: A collection of nuclei that processes sensory info from the body to the Cerebral Cortex, and motor info going from the Cerebral Cortex to the body
Hypothalamus: Maintains Homeostasis and Hormones; regulates body temperature, blood pressure, metabolism, digestion, etc. To assist in this process, the Hypothalamus sends signals to the Pituitary Gland, which produces and secretes hormones
Limbic System
Amygdala: Major role in emotion and behavior; evaluates environmental stimuli and generates emotional responses, Role in memory formation associated with strong emotions
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Cerebrum: largest part of the brain (85%); contains corpus callosum, which allows information to be passed between the two hemispheres
Cerebral Cortez: the outer layer of the Cerebrum (gray matter); contains the 4 lobes of the brain: frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital.
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Frontal Lobe:
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§ Pre-frontal cortex: personality traits, thinking, reasoning
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Parietal Lobe:Somatosensory cortex: processing sensory info such as touch, temperature, pain
§ Gustatory cortex: interprets taste
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Ventricles:
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— 500 mL produced/day, 150 mL present at any given time, replaced every 8 hours
Brain Stem: connects at base of brain and plays a critical role in regulating involuntary functions (heartbeats and breathing)
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- Medulla Oblongata Regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing; reflexive actions like swallowing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting
2 Pons: Relays sensory information between cerebrum and cerebellum; sensory & motor function of head and face. Also, helps regulate REM sleep
- Midbrain: Assists in motor reflexes associated with visual and auditory stimuli; large collection of dopamine & serotonin producing neurons (pain inhibition)
Cerebellum: Coordinates movement, posture, and balance. Receives sensory information about body position from spinal cord & motor input from the brain. Stores muscle memory
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The Peripheral Nervous System: made up of anything that comes out of the brain; 12 cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves
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Autonomic Nervous System: regulates bodily functions NOT under conscious control; ONLY motor neurons
Parasympathetic Nervous System: Rest or Digest (increased digestion & excretion, decreased heart rate)
Sympathetic Nervous System: Fight or Flight (increased mental alertness, heart rate, blood pressure, reduced digestion)
Neurons
Sensory: monitors external and internal environments: digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular (interorecpetors), 5 senses (exteroreceptors), and monitoring body position & movement/joints (propriorecptors)
Motor: carry info away from CNS; Somatic controls skeletal muscles, Visceral controls cardiac and smooth, glands and adipose tissue
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Makeup of Neurons
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Cell Body or Soma: the "head' of the neuron; contains nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and rough ER. Lacks centrioles (cannot divide)
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