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Immune system Leslie Cuenca Period 3 - Coggle Diagram
Immune system Leslie Cuenca Period 3
Cells involved in the immune system
Lymphocytes
Are white blood cells and is one of the body's main type of immune cell. It is made up of red bone marrow and is located in the blood and lymph tissue
There are 2 types of lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)
B cells
B lymphocyte
At the center of the adaptive humoral immune system and is responsible for meditating the production of antigens-specific immunoglobin directed against the antibodies
Type of white blood cell that makes antibodies. Developed from stem cells in the bone marrow
T cells
T lymphocytes
Focuses on specific foreign particles. T cells circulate until they encounter the specific antigen They play a part in immunity to foreign substances
Neutrophils
Protects humans from infections among other infections. It makes up 40-60% of white blood cells in our bodies and is the first to arrive on "scene" when there is an experience with a bacterial infection.
Monocytes/Macrophages
Monocytes and macrocytes are members of the mononuclear phagocyte system that is a component of innate immunity
Monocytes are bone marrow derived leukocytes that circulate in the blood and spleen
Macrocytes are a type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganism, removes dead cells and stimulates the action of other immune system
Antigens and antibodies
Antigens: a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body
Are molecules capable of stimulating and immune response
Each antigen has a distinct surface features resulting in a specific response
Antibodies: a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen
Are y-shaped proteins produced by B cells of the immune system in response to expose antigens
Each antibody contains a a paratope that recognizes a specific epitope on an antigen
Humoral response and cellular response
Humoral response
B cells produce antibodies against antigens in blood and the lymps
Cellular response
The binding of chemical signals to their corresponding receptors induces events with the cell that can immediately change the behavior
Disorders associated with the Immune system
The immune system can be weakened by certain medicines such as drugs used for cancer like chemotherapy.
Infections like the flu can waken the immune system for a short amount of time but smoking, alcohol, and poor nutrition can weaken the the immune system
HIV and AIDS destroy white blood cells and weakens the immune system. People with HIV and AIDS can become seriously ill with infections that people without HIV and AIDS can fight off.
Anatomy of the lymphatic system
The lymphatic system consists of lymph vessels, ducts, nodes and other tissues
Ducts: a bodily tube or vessel carrying the secretion of a gland
A thin tube that carries lymph and white blood cells through the lymphatic system
Lymph nodes are a small bean shaped that filters substance that travels through the lymphatic fluid and contain lymphocytes which help the body fight infections and diseases
Is a network of vessels that collect fluids or lymph. Lymph are a clear fluid that is derived from blood plasma
lymphatic fluid is not pumped but is squeezed through the vessels when using our muscles
Lymphatic vessels have valves inside to stop the fluid from flowing back the wrong direction
When the lymphatic system is either damaged or not formed well it being to get swollen and if it is swollen for longer than 3 months it is called lymphoedema
Innate(natural)immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired)immune defenses
Innate immune defense
Provides a general defense against harmful gems and substances. Also known as non-specific immune system and mostly fights using the immune cells like killer cells and phagocytes. It fights the harmful substances and germs that enter the body from the skin or digestive system.
Adaptive immune defense
Makes antibodies and uses them to fight certain germs the body has come in contact before. Although the immune system is constantly learning and adapting the body can also help fight bacteria or viruses over time. The immune system also protects the body from harmful substances, germs and cell changes that could potentially make you sick. However it is made up of various organs, cells, and proteins.
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system like a "sewerage system"
Maintains fluid levels in the body tissues by removing the fluid that leak out of our blood vessels
The spleen and thymus are lymphatic organs that monitor the blood and detect and respond to pathogens
Has absorption of fats from the intestine
Immune system
Protects the body from from harmful substances, germs and cell changes that can end up making a person ill
fight disease-causing germs like bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi and removes them
Recognizes and neutralizes harmful substances from the environment
Fights disease-causing changes like cancer cells
