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Infectious Diseases and Their Educational Implications, image, image,…
Infectious Diseases and Their
Educational Implications
Immune Deficiency Syndromes
HIV
(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Cripples immune system so the immune system cannot effectively stop diseases in the body
Characteristics
There is a spectrum of HIV inflection regarding
CD4+T white blood cell count
Fever
Muscle aches
Yeast infections
Episodes of shingles
Can lead to
AIDS
(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
Occurs when CD4+T white blood cell count falls to 200 cells per microliter of blood or below
Can also occur when HIV infection leads to one of the AIDS-indicator conditions such as opportunistic infections
Opportunistic infections are not a threat to a healthy immune system but can be fatal to someone who has AIDS, such as cytomegalovirus and toxoplasmosis
Level of risk is high through sexual contact, semen, and breast milk (or vertical transmission)
Treatment includes HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)
Spread through blood, semen, sexual contact, or vertical relationship from mother to infant
Level of risk is high through sexual contact, semen, and breast milk (or vertical transmission)
Infections involving Inflammations
Bacterial Meningitis
Inflammation of the membranes that
cover the brain and spinal cord
Characteristics
Stiff neck
Fever
Sore Throat
Vomiting
Headache
Lethargy
Seizures
Coma
Respiratory transmission
Effects range from permanent impairments to death
Vision impairments, hearing loss, and intellectual disability is common
Level of risk
Relatively low due to vaccines
Children with a shunt to correct hydrocephalus or young deaf children with cochlear implants with a positioner may acquire bacterial meningitis
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain
Characteristics
Headache
Fever
Altered state of consciousness
Neurologic signs
Seizures
Coma
Paralysis of arms or legs
Can be a complication of another infection such as measles or chicken pox
Caused by viruses or a bacterial infection
Spread by respiratory, fecal material, saliva, vector borne or sexual contact transmission
Effects range from complete healing to healing with disabilities or death
Level of risk
Relatively low due to vaccines
However can be spread through saliva and through the air, so infection control should be in place
Hepatitis B
Inflammation of the liver
Characteristics
No symptoms
Flulike illness
Liver failure
Fever
Nausea
Vomiting
Aching feeling
Weight loss
Spread through the blood (most common), saliva and semen. Can be transferred through indirect transmission such as surfaces
Level of risk
Those who receive blood
Those receiving organ transplants
Drug users
Health care workers
Individuals with disabilities living in institutions
There is a vaccine to control Hepatitis B
Educational Implications
Physical and Sensory Needs
Maintain infection control procedures
Wipe down surfaces and shared objects with a solution of water and Clorox
Determine when the student should be sent home because of their illness
Teachers should keep a close eye on these students since they are more susceptible to illness than others
A student with AIDS may be underweight
and may need a nutritional program
Any students with physical or sensory disabilities should be given adaptations to succeed in the classroom
Communication and Learning Needs
Student needs to know about transmission, course, treatment, and prognosis of their infection
Student should know how to prevent spread
All students should be taught proper infection control procedures
Student should be watched closely in case developmental delays or intellectual disabilities form
In this case an IEP is needed
for the child to succeed in school
Behavioral and Social Needs
Student will need emotional
support and perhaps counseling
Student may feel powerlessness
and inability to reach life goals
Depression and anxiety can
negatively affect school performance
Teachers should provide a listening ear and allow the student to process thoughts of dying
Books about infectious diseases can educate others
Things to keep in mind
Create a welcoming environment
Do not act afraid of the student
Educate others as appropriate
Use role-play, books, and discuss safety measures to heighten student awareness
Practice universal precautions to keep all students safe
Hand washing
Cover a sneeze or cough
Wipe down shared objects and surfaces
Use gloves when cleaning up blood or vomit
Use Band-Aids
Send student home if they are sick or are at risk of catching a cold or another ailment that could be detrimental to their health
Keep an eye out for symptoms of infectious dieseases
Stay in contact with child's doctor and the school nurse
Disclosure of student's disease is not required or necessary
