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CLINICAL EMERGENCIES IN PODIATRY, VITAL SIGNS - Coggle Diagram
CLINICAL
EMERGENCIES
IN PODIATRY
ANAPHYLAXIS
Notes
rare
beware injections
instant reaction
Early signs & symptoms
breathlessness
Pre-orbital oedema
Treatment
immediate
999 + assistance
lie flat
administer Adrenaline IM
O2 via mask
monitor 6-12 hours
send to A&E
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
HEART ATTACK
Symptoms
variable, combinations
sudden or progressive
chest pains
tightness, heaviness,
fullness or squeeze
radiate to
shoulder, arm,
neck, jaw
short of breath
nausea
faintness
cold sweat
tiredness
Atypical Symptoms
40% no chest pain
often female
no chest pain
pain - neck, arm
feel tired
Treatment
999
patient to stop & rest
sit on floor
back to wall
legs bent
reassure
If conscious
75mg 1 tablet Aspirin
check allergies
Glyceryl Trinitrate
Oxygen if available
prepare for CPR
Cardiac Arrest
999
CPR
AED
O2
DIABETIC COMA
Blood Sugars
normal - 7mmols/litre
Below 4mmols/L = risk!
Symptoms
'General'
racing/pounding heart beat
pale & sweaty
tremor
slurred speech
confusion
loss of consciousness
High Blood Sugar
excessive thirst
tiredness
blurred vision
hot, dry skin
smell of acetone on breath
"Pear drops"
appears drunk
slurred speech, confusion
acting like 'stroppy teenager'
Low Blood Sugar
weak & shaking
sweating
headache
faint & dizzy
lack of concentration
tearful, crying
irritable, altered behaviour
hunger
numb lips, fingers
may move quickly to -
slurred speech
confusion
loss of consciousness
seizures
Treatment
If conscious
sugar - 3-4 teaspoons +/- water
5 glucose tablets
glucose gel sachet
If unconscious
glucagon injection
999
SEPSIS
LOCAL ANAESTHETIC
TOXICITY
BLEEDING
VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
COMPLEX REGIONAL
PAIN SYNDROME
ASTHMA
Symptoms
Mild - moderate
wheeze increasing
soft - loud
persistent cough
difficulty breathing
EMERGENCY
if
symptoms worsen quickly
inhaler - little/no help
servere shortness of breath
pallor & sweating
increasingly anxious, subdued, paniky
blue - lips, face, ears, fingernails
loss of consciousness
Treatment
sit patient down
loosen clothing
neck, chest, waist
999
reassure
EPILEPTIC SEIZURE
Symptoms
sudden cry out
fall, possible injury
stiffen & rigid for seconds
rhythmic jerking
pale & blue lips
excessive saliva
bite tongue, lips
loss of bladder, bowel control
extremely tired, confused, agitated after
Treatment
During seizure
protect from harm
protect head, cushion
time seizure
do not restrain
do not put anything in mouth
do not move
After seizure
recovery position
manage injuries
if asleep do not wake, monitor
reassure until conscious
999 if
seizure >5 mins
more than 1 seizure
unresponsive for >5mins
injury
diabetes or pregnant
this is their 1st seizure ever
STROKE
F
ace - weakness
A
rms - unable to raise
S
peech - unclear
T
elephone 999
Symptoms
facial weakness, dropped on one side
arm - weakness, paralysis one side
speech difficulty, unclear
vision disturbed
loss of balance
confusion
loss of consciousness
Treatment
999
reassure
keep comfortable
VITAL SIGNS
Oxygen Saturation
94-100%
pulse oximetry
Temperature
35.5-37.8C
BP
100-180/
60-90mmHg
Pulse
60-110 beats/min
Respiration rate
12-20 breaths/min