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B7 Transport in mammals - Coggle Diagram
B7 Transport in mammals
The circulatory system
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This means that for every one circuit of the body, the blood passes through the heart once
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This means that for every one circuit of the body, the blood passes through the heart twice
The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs (the pulmonary circulation)
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body (the systemic circulation)
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Structure of the heart
The heart is labelled as if it was in the chest so what is your left on a diagram is actually the right hand side and vice versa
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The ventricles have thicker muscle walls than the atria as they are pumping blood out of the heart and so need to generate a higher pressure
The left ventricle has a thicker muscle wall than the right ventricle as it has to pump blood at high pressure around the entire body, whereas the right ventricle is pumping blood at lower pressure to the lungs
The septum separates the two sides of the heart and so prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
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Exercise and heart rate
Heart activity can be monitored by using an ECG, measuring pulse rate or listening to the sounds of valves closing using a stethoscope
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To investigate the effects of exercise on heart rate, record the pulse rate at rest for a minute
Immediately after they do some exercise, record the pulse rate every minute until it returns to the resting rate
This experiment will show that during exercise the heart rate increases and may take several minutes to return to normal
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Coronary heart disease
The heart is made of muscle cells that need their own supply of blood to deliver oxygen, glucose and other nutrients and remove carbon dioxide and other waste products
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If a coronary artery becomes partially or completely blocked by fatty deposits called ‘plaques’ (mainly formed from cholesterol), the arteries are not as elastic as they should be and therefore cannot stretch to accommodate the blood which is being forced through them – leading to coronary heart disease
Partial blockage of the coronary arteries creates a restricted blood flow to the cardiac muscle cells and results in severe chest pains called angina
Complete blockage means cells in that area of the heart will not be able to respire and can no longer contract, leading to a heart attack
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