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LymphImmune System: Yatziri Barbosa P.1 - Coggle Diagram
LymphImmune System: Yatziri Barbosa P.1
Disorders
Hodgkin's Disease
acquired immunodeficiency= cancer of B cells
depresses lymph node cells
Hypersensitivities (allergies)
immune response to perceived threat
histamine released upon contact with allergen
vasodilation & leakiness of vessels
itchy hives
runny nose
watery eyes
induced inflammatory response
allergic reactions can be local or systemic
systemic= anaphylactic shock
Type 1 Diabetes
Autoimmune disease
destroys pancreatic cells
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
interferes with helper T cell activity
Characteristics
Severe weight loss
Night sweats
Swollen lymph nodes
depresses cellular immunity
Humoral & Cellular response
Humoral immunity
Mediated by antibodies
Antibodies bind temporarily to target cell
Acts as mark for destruction
Uses B lymphocytes
Active
B cells encounter antigens & produce specific antibodies against them
2 types
Naturally acquired
Formed in response to bacterial or viral infection
Artificially acquired
Formed in response to vaccine of dead/attenuated pathogens
Passive
ready-made antibodies introduced into body
immunological memory doesn't occur
protection ends as antibodies degrade
2 types
Naturally acquired
antibodies pass from mother to fetus through placenta
Artificially acquired
Injection of serum such as gamma globulin
Cellular immunity
Mediated by cells
lymphocytes act against target cell
Directly
Kill infected cells
Indirectly
Release chemicals that enhance inflammatory response
Activate other lymphocytes or macrophages
Uses T lymphocytes
Antigens & Antibodies
Antigens
provoke an immune response
3 characteristics
contain antigentic determinants
Complete or hapten (incomplete) antigen
Can be self antigen
Covered with a variety of proteins that prove antigen belongs in body
Antibodies
proteins secreted by plasma cells
go after extracellular pathogens
capable of binding to specific antigen detected by B cells
Cells involved
Phagocytes
ingest & digest foreign invaders
Natural Killer Cells
Police blood & lymph
kill cancer & virus-infected cells by inducing apoptosis
Dendritic cells
present antigens to T cells in lymph node
T lymphocytes/cells
CD8
become cytotoxic T cells
CD4
become
helper T cells
regulatory T cells
B lymphocytes/cells
present antigens to helper T cells
Macrophages
present antigens to T cells
Anatomy of lymphatic system
Spleen
Cleans the blood, stores platelets & monocytes
Peyer's patches
Protect small intestine from pathogens
Red bone marrow
Site of B cell maturation
Thymus
Site of T cell maturation
Appendix
Prevent bacteria from breaching intestinal wall
Tonsils
Gather & remove pathogens that may enter throat
Lymph nodes
Clean lymph; help activate immune system
Lymphatic vessels
drainage vessels that collect lymph
Lymph
interstitial fluid contained in lymphatic vessels
Innate & Adaptive immune defenses
Innate (born with)
1st line of defense
Surface barriers
Mucous membranes
Skin
Nonspecific
2nd line of defense
Internal defenses
Phagocytes
Inflammation
Antimicrobial proteins
Natural killer cells
Fever
Adaptive (acquired)
Specific
3rd line of defense
Attacks particular foreign substances
Humoral Immunity
Cellular immunity
Functions of Lymphatic System
Maintain body fluid levels
returns leaked fluids to blood
Absorb digestive fats
Protect from foreign invaders
produces & releases WBC's
Functions of Immune System
Fight against pathogens
Recognize harmful substances
Provide resistance to disease