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Lymph Immune System Kimberly Cardenas Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Lymph Immune System Kimberly Cardenas Period 1
Major Functions of Lymphatic System
Maintain Body Fluid levels
Returns leaked fluids from cardiovascular system to the blood
Absorbing digestive fats
Transports absorbed dietary fats from small intestine to blood stream
Protect from foreign invaders
Produces and releases WBC that fight against pathogens
Innate Immune Defenses
Surface Barriers (1st line of Defense)
Physical barriers and their secretions that produce protective chemicals
Skin
Mucous Membranes
Antimicrobial Proteins (2nd Line of Defense)
Defense system used when microorganisms invade deeper tissues
Phagocytes: ingest and digest pathogens
Natural Killer Cells: attack cells that do not have "self" cell receptors
Inflammatory response: prevents spread of disease, disposes of debris, sets the stage for repair, and alerts adaptive immune system
Humoral Immunity
B Cells encounter target antigen
Humoral immune response triggered
Specific antibodies produced
Active: B cells encounter antigens and produce specific antigens
Passive: Ready-made antibodies are introduced
Cells associated with Immune System
Antigen Presenting cells
Present fragments of antigens
Natural Killer Cells
Directly kill foreign invaders
Phagocytes
Ingest and digest invaders
T lymphocytes
Directly kill infected cells, activate other immune cells, produce cytokines, etc.
B lymphocytes
make antibodies and produce memory cells
Macrophages
Phagocytic killer, activates T cells
Dendritic Cells
Phagocytize pathogens
Anatomy of the Lymphatic System
Lymphatic System
Lymph
interstitial fluid contained in lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic Vessels
Network of drainage vessels that collect interstitial fluid
Lymph Nodes
cleanses lymph as it passes through nodes
Lymphoid organs/Tissues
Primary Organs/Tissues
Red bone marrow
B and T cell maturation
Thymus
site of T cell maturation
Secondary Organs/Tissues
Lymph Nodes
Clean lymph
Spleen
Cleanses blood
Tonsils
Prevent pathogens from entering body via mouth
Peyer's patches
Monitor intestinal bacteria
Appendix
Prevents bacteria from entering intestines
Disorders associated with the immune system
Type 1 Diabetes
Destroys pancreatic cells
Pancreas produces little to no insulin
Hodgkin's Disease
Type of lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic/immune system
Depresses lymph node cells
acquired immunodeficiency
causes cancer of B cells
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Caused by HIV which interferes with Helper T cells
Causes opportunistic infections
Depresses cellular immunity
Causes severe weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, night sweats and death eventually
Hypersensitivities (aka allergies)
immune response to substances that are otherwise harmless
Contact with allergen= flood of histamine release from IGEs
Histamine causes vasodilation
Biggest concern is anaphylatic shock
Major Functions of the Immune System
Fight disease causing changes
Fight against cancer/mutated cells
Recognize harmful substances
Dust, allergens, etc.
Fight against pathogens
Can fight against bacteria, viruses, parasites etc. with WBC
Adaptive Immune Defenses
Specific Defense system that targets antigens
Humoral Immunity: Mark target cells for destruction
Cellular Immunity: Directly kill infected cells
Cellular Immunity
Immunity where lymphocytes act against target cell
Can activate other WBCs (macrophages)
Indirect response: releases chemicals that increase inflammatory response
Directly kill infected cells: relies on T Cells
Helper T Cells
Activate B cells and more T cells
No immune response w/o T(h) cells
Cytotoxic T Cells
Circulate in blood to look for invaders
Directly kill and attack foreign cells
Regulatory T Cells
slow down/suppress immune response
Antibodies and Antigens
Antibodies
proteins that can bind with a specific antigen
Attack extracellular pathogens
Inactivate and tag antigens
Antigens
Mobilize adaptive defenses and initiate immune response