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Hazards - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Two tectonic plates are moving apart and magma is rising through the gap which creates shield volcanoes like on Iceland.
    - - A continental and an oceanic plate margin are moving towards each other, the oceanic plate which is more dense and thinner subducts under the continental plate
      - The subduction creates a lot of friction, pressure and tension which causes earthquakes to happen
      - This caused the Japan 2011 earthquake
      - The subducting plate becomes magma as it melts in the 1500 degrees C heat of the mantle. This magma is forced up into a magma chamber of a volcano and causes volcanic eruptions.
      - e.g. Pompei
      - Causes both earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
    - - Plates move in same direction or opposite direction, not towards or away from eachother
      - This builds tension and pressure as they have friction against eachother
      - Eventually there is a jolt as the plates dislodge and move apart. releases shockwaves of energy
- - - - Happens immediately
        
        300,000 Deaths
        
        1/3 of buildings collapsed, walls caved in and ceiling fell down, pancake effect
        
        Tsunami
        
        300,000 injuries
        
        Hospitals, businesses, police stations all destroyed
        
        Aftershocks
        
        Textiles factory destroyed
        
        30,000 commercial buildings destroyed
    - - What happens as a result of primary impacts
        
        Disease spread - Cholera + Dysentery (caused by drinking dirty water)
        
        1.5 million people homeless
        
        14 days of aftershocks, restricted rescue
        
        Aid took 5 days to come, people went that time without water, food, medicine
        
        Because textiles factory was destroyed, people lost their jobs, there are no forms of employment, only thing left is farming, but they live in the city, still struggling today
        
        Thousands of bodies left on the street, also caused spread of disease
        
        Demand for timber poles for tents made deforestation worse
  - - - Tsunami
        
        500 mph in parts, highest at 38m
      - 18,000 deaths, most drowning because of the tsunami
      - 1 million buildings were damaged
    - - Loss of business, trade, export, income e.g. Toyota
      - 500,000 people homeless, mostly due to nuclear fallout from Fukushima Daiichi - reactor couldn't be cooled because backup generators for coolant were damaged by the strong waves.
      - 900 aftershocks
    - - There was a 60 second alert because of automatic responses from seismometers around the country and out at sea
      - Emergency services scrambled to help people, fire engines, ambulance, rescue helicopters.
      - Long term
        
        Rebuilt towns
        
        Cleared rubble and debris
        
        Reinforcing tsunami defenses