Cox, Jessica; Lymp. Immune System
immune system
innate ( nonspecific) defense system
first line of defense ; external body membranes (skin and mucosae)
second line of defense; antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes and other cells
adaptive (specific) defense system
third line of defense; attacks particular forgin substances
acid of skin,enzymes like saliva and mucin sticky mucus that lines digestive and respiratory tracks
phagocytes are white blood cells that eat foreign invaders neurophils are the most abundant phagocytes but die fighting macrophages develop from monocytes & are chief phagocytic
Natural killer cells can kill cancer and virus infected cells , memory cells keep track of each virus that had entered your body so it can be killed faster the next time it comes back.
lymphatic system
fluid balance
Absorption
the immune system
anatomy of the lymphatic system
tonsils
located in the back of mouth/throat
produce lymphocytes and antibodies; protect against inhaled and swallowed foregin bodies
spleen
fist size located in the upper left side of abdomen
filter blood to remove microbes and old damaged red blood cells and platelets
thymus gland
found behind the sternum
secretes hormones and is crucial in the production, maturation and differentiation of immune T cells
bone marrow
where B cell lymphocytes of the immune system mature
returns excess fluid and proteins from the tissues that can not be returned through blood vessels
absorption of fatty acids and subsequent transport of fat, Chyle to the circulatory system
production of immune cells; lymphocytes, monocytes, and antibody, producing cells of plasma cells
immune defenses
innate (nonspecific) defense system
first and second lines of defense (skin,stomach acid,tears, mucosae)
second line - antimicrobial proteins,phagocytes
adaptive (specific) defense system
third line of defense attacks particular foreign substances
inhibit spread of invaders; inflammation is the most important mechanism
Pathocytes - eat forign invaders
Uses PATHOGENS :
natural killer (NK) cells - can kill cancer and virus infected cells before adaptive immune system in activated
humoral and cellular immunity
humoral immunity
cellular immunity
antibodies produced by lymphocytes, circulate freely in body fluids
bind temporally to target cell
mark for destruction
lymphocytes act against target cell
directly by killing infected cells
indirectly by releasing chemicals that enhance inflammatory response; or activating other lymphocytes or macrophages
recognizes and targets specific antigens
it is systemic; not restricted to initial site
it has memory; mounts on even stronger attack to" known " antigens
antigens & antibodies
antigens
antibodies
substances that can mobilize adaptive defenses and provide an immune response
most large complex molecules found in body (nonself) characteristics of antigens
can be a complete antigen or hapten (incomplete)
contain derminations; can be self antigen
do not destroy antigens; they inactivate them
neutralization
prevent antigens from binding to receptors on tissue cells
form antigen-antibody (immune) complexes
activate mechanisms that destroy virus
go after extracellular pathogens; they do not invade solid tissue unless legion is present
cellular immune response
T cells
provide defense against intracellular antigens
some directly kill cells, others release chemicals that regulate immune response
made in thymus; mature in bone marrow
CD4 cells usually become helper T cells that can activate B cells
CD8 cells become cytotoxic T cells
also become memory T cells
B cells
produce antibodies
humoral immunity
recognize specific non self antigens
made in thymus mature in bone marrow
disorders of immune system
autoimmune disease
results when immune system looses ability to distinguish self from foreign
autoimmunity
production of autoantibodies & sensitized Tc cells that destroy body tissues
immediate hypersensitivity ( allergies)
seconds after contact with allergen, antigen causes allergic reaction
body is overreacting to foreign antigens that are not dangerous to most people
lymphocytes ( white blood cell)
present antigens to helper T cells to assist their own activation
macrophage
B & T cell
activated macrophage becomes phagocytic killer
present antigens to T cells , which not only activates T cell, but also further activate macro phage